3) Psychological therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three learning theories?

A

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory

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2
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Associations between different (and unrelated) stimuli can be made when the stimuli repeatedly occur together. Force of habit

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3
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Behaviour is shaped by consequences e.g. reward and punishments

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4
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

Learning through observing other people’s behaviour and what the consequences are

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5
Q

What is the aim of cognitive behaviour therapy?

A

Changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs and behaviour

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6
Q

What techniques are used in CBT?

A

Scheduling activities
Exposure to feared situations
Education and challenging negative thoughts

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7
Q

What conditions is CBT used for?

A

Depression
Anxiety
Eating disorders
Sexual dysfunction

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8
Q

What do people need to be if taking part in CBT?

A

Active, engaged and seeking solutions

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9
Q

What is the aim of psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Address unconscious conflicts and resolve previous painful experiences

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10
Q

What techniques are used in psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Explores feelings and attempts to enhance insight into difficulties

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11
Q

What conditions is psychoanalytic therapy suitable for?

A

Interpersonal difficulties

Personality problems

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12
Q

What do people need to be if taking part in psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Able to tolerate mental pain and have interest in self exploration

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13
Q

What is the aim of systemic and family therapy?

A

Focuses on relational context and addresses patterns of interaction
Can be used with children and their families

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14
Q

What techniques are used in systemic and family therapy?

A

General counselling skills (empathy, warmth)

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15
Q

What things are systemic and family therapy suitable for helping with?

A

Life events
Mild depression
Anxiety
Marital difficulties

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16
Q

What needs to be considered before choosing a therapy?

A

Both the problem (nature and severity) and the patient

17
Q

When do anxiety disorders occur?

A

When future focussed fear leads to a behavioural change and avoidance of the threat

18
Q

Give some examples of anxiety disorders:

A

Panic disorder
OCD
Generalised anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder

19
Q

When are anxiety disorders a problem?

A

When the threat doesn’t exist i.e. is psychological and brain can’t distinguish between physical and psychological

20
Q

What are some signs of anxiety disorders?

A

Racing thoughts
Inability to concentrate
Attentional focus on threat

21
Q

How could CBT be used to help with anxiety?

A

Reducing avoidance
Ceasing safety seeking behaviours e.g. going to one shop
Exposure
Testing beliefs

22
Q

What things can help a patient to heal?

A

Confiding relationship with helpful person
A healing setting
Combating patient’s sense of alienation
Providing opportunities and learning experiences

23
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

Systematic use of a relationship between a therapist and a patient to produce changes in feelings, cognition and behaviour