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Microbiology > 3. Prokaryotes Part 4 > Flashcards

3. Prokaryotes Part 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

glucose catabolism with use of an inorganic electron acceptor such as oxygen

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2
Q

What is fermentation?

A

glucose catabolism which does not use an electron acceptor instead uses a reduced by-product of glucose catabolism such as lactate or ethanol is given off as waste

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3
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose metabolism with electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation relying on an external electron acceptor other than oxygen

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4
Q

What is binary fission?

A

process by which bacteria split into two

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5
Q

What is conjugation?

A

process that allows bacterium to exchange genetic information

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6
Q

What is the log phase in the bacterial life cycle?

A

log of the population size grows linearly with time

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7
Q

What is the lag phase in the bacterial life cycle?

A

cell division does not occur even if the growth conditions are ideal

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8
Q

What is the stationary phase in the bacterial life cycle?

A

cells cease to divide for lack of nutrients

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9
Q

What is the carrying capacity in relation to the bacterial life cycle?

A

maximum population at the stationary phase

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10
Q

What are endospores?

A

formed under unfavorable growth conditions and consist of tough, thick external shells comprised of peptidoglycan

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11
Q

What is found within the endospore?

A

genome, ribosomes, and RNA

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12
Q

What is the purpose of endospores?

A

allow bacteria to survive in extreme conditions

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13
Q

What is germination?

A

metabolic reactivation of an endospore

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14
Q

What are the three methods of genetic exchange between bacteria?

A

transduction
transformation
conjugation

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15
Q

What is transduction?

A

transfer of genomic DNA from one bacterium to another by a lysogenic phage

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16
Q

What is transformation?

A

when pure DNA is assed to a bacterial culture and the bacteria internalizes the DNA under certain conditions

17
Q

What is conjugation?

A

exchange of genetic information through a physical connection between male and female bacteria

18
Q

What is the F factor?

A

fertility factor; extrachromosomal element that will delineate whether a bacteria is male or female

19
Q

When does the conjugation bridge form?

A

after the male cell produces sex pili and the pili contact the female cell

20
Q

What is an Hfr cell?

A

high frequency of recombination cell; it is a bacterial cell with an F factor integrated into its genome

21
Q

What is conjugation mapping?

A

Hfr bacteria provide a mechanism of mapping the bacterial genome

Microbiology (8 decks)

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