3. Prokaryotes Part 4 Flashcards
What is respiration?
glucose catabolism with use of an inorganic electron acceptor such as oxygen
What is fermentation?
glucose catabolism which does not use an electron acceptor instead uses a reduced by-product of glucose catabolism such as lactate or ethanol is given off as waste
What is anaerobic respiration?
glucose metabolism with electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation relying on an external electron acceptor other than oxygen
What is binary fission?
process by which bacteria split into two
What is conjugation?
process that allows bacterium to exchange genetic information
What is the log phase in the bacterial life cycle?
log of the population size grows linearly with time
What is the lag phase in the bacterial life cycle?
cell division does not occur even if the growth conditions are ideal
What is the stationary phase in the bacterial life cycle?
cells cease to divide for lack of nutrients
What is the carrying capacity in relation to the bacterial life cycle?
maximum population at the stationary phase
What are endospores?
formed under unfavorable growth conditions and consist of tough, thick external shells comprised of peptidoglycan
What is found within the endospore?
genome, ribosomes, and RNA
What is the purpose of endospores?
allow bacteria to survive in extreme conditions
What is germination?
metabolic reactivation of an endospore
What are the three methods of genetic exchange between bacteria?
transduction
transformation
conjugation
What is transduction?
transfer of genomic DNA from one bacterium to another by a lysogenic phage
What is transformation?
when pure DNA is assed to a bacterial culture and the bacteria internalizes the DNA under certain conditions
What is conjugation?
exchange of genetic information through a physical connection between male and female bacteria
What is the F factor?
fertility factor; extrachromosomal element that will delineate whether a bacteria is male or female
When does the conjugation bridge form?
after the male cell produces sex pili and the pili contact the female cell
What is an Hfr cell?
high frequency of recombination cell; it is a bacterial cell with an F factor integrated into its genome
What is conjugation mapping?
Hfr bacteria provide a mechanism of mapping the bacterial genome
