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Microbiology > 1. Viruses > Flashcards

1. Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are viruses also known as?

A

obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

How are viruses able to reproduce?

A

inside a host cell

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3
Q

What is the basic structure of all viruses?

A

nucleic acid genome packaged in a protein shell

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4
Q

What is the main limiting factor for virus genomes?

A

size

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5
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

virus that infects bacteria

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6
Q

What are the three main ways the viral genomes have evolved to accomodate size?

A
  1. genome contains very few genes
  2. virus relies on host-encoded proteins for transcription, translation, and replication
  3. genomes encode more than one protein in a given length of genome
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7
Q

What is a capsid?

A

protein coat that surrounds the viral nucleic genome

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8
Q

What is the capsid head?

A

houses the genome

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9
Q

What are the tail fibers and base plates?

A

attaches to the surface of the host cell

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10
Q

What is the sheath?

A

contracts using energy from stored ATP to inject the genome into the host cell

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11
Q

What is the envelope?

A

structure that surrounds the capsid found in many animal viruses that contains phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates from the host membrane

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12
Q

What are naked viruses?

A

viruses that do not contain an envelope

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13
Q

What determines which host cells viruses can infect?

A

surface of the virus

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14
Q

What are the three main steps of the bacteriophage life cycle?

A
  1. attachment/absorption
  2. penetration/eclipse
    3.enter either the lytic or lysogenic cycle
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15
Q

What is attachment/absorption?

A

binding to the exterior of a bacterial cell

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16
Q

What is penetration/eclipse?

A

injction of the viral genome into the host cell

17
Q

What is a basic overview of the lytic cycle of phages?

A

once the phage genome enters the host, the host polymerase and/or ribosome begin to rapidly transcribe and translate it

18
Q

What is hydrolase?

A

hydrolytic enzyme that degrades the entire host genome

19
Q

What is an early gene?

A

group of genes that are expressed immediately after injection

20
Q

What is a lysozyme?

A

enzyme that destroys the bacterial cell wall

Microbiology (8 decks)

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