3. Prokaryotes Part 2 Flashcards
What does monotrichous mean?
bacteria with flagella located at only one end
What does amphitrichous mean?
bacteria with flagella located at both ends
What does peritrichous mean?
bacteria that have multiple flagella
What are the major components of the flagella?
filament
hook
basal structure
What powers the rotation of the rod in the flagella?
proton gradient generated across the inner membrane by electron transport
What is chemotaxis?
bacterial motion that is directed toward attractants or away from toxins
What are pili?
long projections on the bacterial surface that are involded in attaching to different surfaces
What is the sex pilus?
special pilus that forms the conjugation bridge between male and female bacteria
What are fimbriae?
smaller structures that are not involved in locomation or conjugation but are involved in adhering the surfaces
What are characteristics used to classify bacteria?
temperature
nutrition
growth media
oxygen utilization and tolerance
fermentation vs respiration
What is the purpose of the flagella?
bacterial mobility
What type of cell wall do Gram-negative bacteria have?
thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by a lipopolysaccharide layer
What is the periplasmic space?
intermediate space between the peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide layer in Gram-negative bacterial cells
What are endotoxins?
normal components of the outher membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that are not inherently poisonous
What is the capsule/glycocalyx?
sticky layer of polysaccharide goo that surrounds the bacterial cell and often the entire colony of bacteria
