3-Problems with memory

Question 1

DAMAGE TO THE HIPPOCAMPUS—AMNESIA

Answer 1

the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma

Declarative memory: episodic and semantic

Question 2

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

• commonly caused by brain trauma
• Hippocampus is usually affected
• Issue with FUTUREEE
• Inability to make new episodic or semantic memories
  
  • still has old episodic memories, just can’t make new episodic memories
• Still have their old memories
• Many people can still form new procedural memories
• Problem with consolidation

Question 3

Reterograde amnesia

Answer 3

• Loss of memories prior to trauma
• Partial / full loss of memories
• Can make new memories
• Difficulty with episodic or semantic?

Question 4

Construction:

Answer 4

making a new memory

Question 5

Reconstruction

Answer 5

bringing up old memories

Question 6

forgetting sins of memory

Answer 6

• transience
• absentmindedness
• blocking

Question 7

distortion sins of memory

Answer 7

• misattribution
• suggestibility
• bias

Question 8

intrusion sins of memory

Answer 8

persistence

Question 9

FORGETTING

Answer 9

• rapid forgetting happens in the sensory and the short-term memory stage
  
  • happens for long-term memory

Question 10

encoding failure

Answer 10

memory loss happens before the actual memory process begins

Question 11

Transience

Answer 11

forgetting that occurs with the passage of time

• Rapid forgetting happens in the sensory and short-term memory stage
• Happens for long-term memory
• Most information that is forgotten, is forgotten quickly
• Cramming…helps you if taken immediately, but most of that information is quickly forgotten
• Average person will lose 50% of the memorized information after 20 minutes and 70% of the information after 24 hours
  part of what happens with transience is that other memories get in the way

Question 12

retroactive interference

Answer 12

New information inhibits our ability to remember old information; interfering with old memory

Question 13

Proactive interference

Answer 13

old information inhibits the ability to remember new information

Question 14

Absentmindedness

Answer 14

a lapse in attention that results in a memory failure

• Incorporates encoding failures
• Semantic tasks shows lower activity in the LEFT lower frontal lobe
• Episodic memories shows lower activity in the hippocampus

Question 15

Blocking

Answer 15

failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

• Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
• Information has been encoded and stored… is in long term memory… BUT IS PROBLEM WITH RETRIEVAL!
  
  • Something is blocking you from accessing it
• Information that is not as strongly associated with related concepts/knowledge are more likely to be blocked

Question 16

Misattribution

Answer 16

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

Most common mistake in eyewitness misidentifications

Question 17

Suggestibility

Answer 17

the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources Into personal recollection

• Suggestibility can often affect misattribution
• Eyewitness misidentification :O
  
  • To lessen this, interviewers use neutral and less leading language
  • Blind photo lineup

Question 18

Misinformation effect

Answer 18

after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event

Question 19

False memory syndrome

Answer 19

recall of false autobiographical memories

Question 20

Bias

Answer 20

the distorting influence of present knowledge, believes, and feelings of recollection of previous experiences

Question 21

Stereotype bias

Answer 21

racial and gender biases that affect recall in stereotype-consistent ways

Question 22

Egocentric bias

Answer 22

recalling information in ways that make yourself look better

Question 23

Hindsight bias

Answer 23

thinking that an outcome was inevitable after the outcome occurred, seeing something as predictable despite there being little basis for predicting the event before it occurred

Question 24

Persistence

Answer 24

intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget
- Key symptom of PTSD