3 - Pavlovian Conditioning Flashcards
Ivan Pavlov
Physiologist of Digestion
Unconditional Reflex
-Largely inborn and usually permanent reflex
-automatic and stereotypical across species members
-consists of an unconditional stimulus and unconditional response
Unconditioned Stimulus
-natural response
-automatic reaction, physiological
-an event that elicits a response without any prior learning history
Unconditioned Response
an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the US
Conditional Reflex
-not present at birth; is acquired from experience; relatively impermanent
-variation among species members
-consists of a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response
Conditioned Stimulus
a previously neutral stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response
Conditioned Response
learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Pavlovian Conditioning/Classical Conditioning
the procedure of building associations and creating a conditioned reflex
Higher Order Conditioning
pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS
Test Trials
presentations of the CS alone
How to measure conditioning?
-Changes in latency & intensity
Trace Conditioning
the intended CS begins and ends before US is introduced
Delay Conditioning
the intended CS and the US overlap; the US is introduced before the intended CS disappeared
Simultaneous Conditioning
the intended CS and US onset together (being at the same time)
Backward Conditioning
the US comes before the intended CS
Contingency
the premise states that an outcome is dependent upon (“contingent”) some other event occurring first; Y occurs if and only X happens first
Robert Rescorla
the amount of learning depends on the degree to which the CS predicts the US
-the more the relationship is paired together, the faster a person learns
Contiguity
the degree to which two stimuli occur together in space or time
Interstimulus Interval (ISI)
the term in Pavlovian Conditioning for the amount of time that elapses between the appearance of the CS and the start of the US
T/F. The shorter the interval between the CS and US, the more quickly conditions occurs
True
Compound Stimulus
a combination of 2 or more stimuli that, after repeated pairings with a US, come to collectively form a CS (always show up together)
Blocking
failure of a 1 stimulus in a compound stimulus to become a CS on its own when the other stimulus already become a CS in prior conditioning
Latent Inhibition
when prior presentations of a stimulus are not paired with a US, this often interferes with the ability of that stimulus to become a CS if/when it is paired with a US
