10 - Observational Learning

Question 1

Carl Warden

Answer 1

One of the first people to demonstrate observational learning of animals

Question 2

Albert Bandura created what theory?

Answer 2

Social Learning Theory

Question 3

Observational Learning

Answer 3

a change in an organism’s behavior caused by observing the consequences that a model experiences for its own behavior

Question 4

Types of Observational Learning

Answer 4

-Social Observational Learning
-Asocial Observational Learning

Question 5

Asocial Observational Learning

Answer 5

learning from the observation of events and their consequences in the absence of a model

Question 6

Ghost Condition

Answer 6

an experimental procedure in which an event normally performed by a model appears to occur without a model. the condition used in studies of asocial observational learning

Question 7

Two Basic Procedures of “Social” Observational Learning

Answer 7

-Vicarious Reinforcement
-Vicarious Punishment

Question 8

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 8

behavior increases in strength due to observation

Question 9

Vicarious Punishment

Answer 9

behavior decreases in strength due to observation

Question 10

Imitation

Answer 10

to behave in a way that resembles the behavior of another

Question 11

Difference between observational learning and imitation

Answer 11

Did the observer witness the model experience consequences for engaging in the behavior?
-Yes = Observational Learning
-No = Imitation

Question 12

Badura’s BoBo Doll Study

Answer 12

Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children are able to learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning, through watching the behavior of another person.

Question 13

Carl Warden

Answer 13

First to demonstrate that animals can learn to solve problems by watching others

Question 14

Relationship between observing and learning?

Answer 14

The more observing, the more learning

Question 15

Generalized Imitation

Answer 15

tendency to imitate modeled behaviors even though imitative behavior is not reinforced

Question 16

T/F. Imitation can be strengthened or weakened depending on its consequences

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F. Consistency can affect observational learning

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F. Human observers seem to be more likely to purely imitate the behavior of a model than are older observers

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F. Younger observers seem to be more likely to purely imitate the behavior of a model than are older observers

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Observer’s Learning History

Answer 20

learning through consequences (good or bad)

Question 21

Social Cognitive Change

Answer 21

-Bandura’s theory
-Claims: observational learning is explained by 4 processes that occur during or shortly after observation of a model

Question 22

4 Cognitive Processes in Social Cognitive Change Theory

Answer 22

-Attentional
-Retentional
-Motor-reproductive
-Motivational

Question 23

Attentional

Answer 23

deals with the organism observing relevant aspects of the model’s behavior and its consequences

Question 24

Retentional

Answer 24

an observer’s action to recall model’s behavior

Question 25

Motor Reproductive

Answer 25

most have the movement capacity to be able to replicate observed behavior

Question 26

Motivational

Answer 26

observer must expect that a replicated behavior will produce reinforcement and be interested in such reward

Question 27

Limitation of Social Cognitive Change Theory

Answer 27

Unable to explain the unobservable and unmeasurable processes

Question 28

Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory

Answer 28

The changes in an observer's behavior are due to the consequences of the observers, not the model

Question 29

Difference between Social Cognitive Change Theory and Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory

Answer 29

Bandura's theory explains through internal/mental processes while MD theory looks at the situation and the observer's learning history