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I CAN DO THIS!!! > 3. Patho > Flashcards

3. Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Acidic tombstone

Dead tissue architecture preserved

A

Coagulative necrosis

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2
Q

Cheese like
Architecture not preserve
Tuberculosis infection

A

Caseous

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3
Q

Ischemic Necrosis of the brain

A

Liquifactive necrosis

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4
Q

Immune reactions involving BLOOD VESSELS

A

Fibrinoid

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5
Q

Saponification

Acute pancreatitis

A

Enzyme Fat Necrosis

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6
Q

Acute inflammation patterne

A

Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Ulcer

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7
Q

Acute inflammation outcomes

A

Resolve
Pus or abscess
Chronic inflamm
Fibrosis or scarring

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8
Q

Principle cells in inflammation

A

Macrophges

Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Monocytes in tissue

A

Macrophages

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10
Q 
Macrophages 
Liver
Spleen, lymph nodes
Cns
Lungs
Skin
A 
Kuppfer cells
Histiocytes
Microglial cells
Alveolar macrophages 
Langerhans cells
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11
Q

Inflammation systemic effects

A

Fever
Acute phase proteins
Leukocutosis
Septic shock

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12
Q

Edema mechanisms

A

⬆️ hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Lymphatic obstruction

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13
Q

GP 2B-3A deficiency

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

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14
Q

Gp1b-IX deficiency

A

Bernard soulier syndrome

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15
Q

Hypercoagulable state
Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow

A

Virchow triad

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16
Q

Thrombus fates

A

Propagation
Embolization
Dissolution
Organization and recanalization

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17
Q

Fibrillin 1 gene defect

A

Marfan Syndrome

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18
Q

Araxhnodactyly
Dolichocephaly
Ectopia lentis

A

Marfan Syndrome

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19
Q

Fibrillar collagen defect

A

Ehler danlos syndrome

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20
Q

Most common lysosomal storage disorder

A

Gaucher dse

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21
Q

Glucocerebrosidase deficiency

A

Gaucher dse

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22
Q

Catch 22?

A

Di george syndrome

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23
Q

Catch 22 meaning

A 
C cardiac anomaly
A abnormal facies
T thymic hypoplasia
C cleft palate
H hypocalcemia
22 chromosome 22q11.2 deletion
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24
Q

Testicular atrophy
Micropenis
2ndary sex characteristics absent

A

47xxy

Klinefelter syndrome

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25
Q

Single mist important cause f primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome

45xo

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26
Q

Macro ordichism - ambnormal large testes
Long face
Large mandible
Large everted ears

A

Fragile x syndrome

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27
Q

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

A

SLE

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28
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Xerostomia
Autoimmune-mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands

A

Sjogren syndrome

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29
Q

CREST syndrome

A

Scleroderma

C calcinosis
R raynaud phenomenon
E esophageal dysmotility
S sclerdactyly
T telangiectasia
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30
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome triad

A

Its a TIE!

T thrombocytopenia
I infxns
E eczema

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31
Q

Hallmark of malignancy

A

ANAPLASIA

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32
Q

Benign tumors that are unencapsulated

A

Hemangioma

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33
Q

Unequivocal marker of malignancy

A

Metastasis

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34
Q

Rash
Warthin finkeldey cells
Koplik spots

A

Measles

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35
Q

Cowdry type A

Multinucleated syncytia

A

Herpes simplex virus

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36
Q

Dewdrops on a rose petal

A

VZV

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37
Q

Intranuclear inclusions

Shingles

A

VSV

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38
Q

Large cells with atypia
Owls eye inclusion
(-) heterophile : monospot test

A

CMV

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39
Q

TRANSFORMING VIRUS
Atypical lymphocytes
Paracortical hyperplasia
(+) heterophile

A

EBV

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40
Q

Pseudomemembrane

A

C. Diphtheriae

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41
Q

G(+) intracellular bacilli in CSF

A

L. Monocytogenes

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42
Q

Tissue necrosis
Exudative inflammation rich in neutrophils
Hemorrhagic vasculitis

A

B. Anthracis

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43
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Peripheral lymphocytosis

A

Bordetella

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44
Q

Fleur de lis pattern

A

Pseudomonas

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45
Q

Perivascular blue haze

Ecthyma gangrenosum

A

Pseudomonas

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46
Q

Macrophages filled with acid fast bacilli

A

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC) complex

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47
Q

Soap bubble lesions

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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48
Q

Priminent polyscaharide capsule

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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49
Q

Septate hyphae branching at acute angles

A

Aspergillus

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50
Q

Non septate hyphae branching at right angles

A

Mucor

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51
Q

Maltese cross pattern

A

Babesia

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52
Q

Nurse cells

A

Trichrnella spiralis

Trichinosis

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53
Q

Dead worms surrounded by hyaline, eosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas

A

Meyers-Kouwenaar bodies

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54
Q

Leading cause of preventable blindness in sib saharan africa

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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55
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

Lead poisoning

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56
Q

King of poisons

A

Arsenic

57
Q

Itai itai disease

A

Cadmium

58
Q

3 Ds of pellagra

A

Dementia
Diarrhea
Dermatitis

59
Q

Spinocerebellar degeneration

A

Vitamin e

60
Q

Maintenance of myelinization of spinal cord tracts

A

B6 pyridoxine

61
Q

Most common Extracranial solid tumor at Childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

62
Q

Small round blue cells
Neuropil
Homer wright pseudoRosettes

A

Neuroblastoma

63
Q

Most common primary renal tumor of childhood

A

Wilms

64
Q

Pulseless dse

A

Takayasu arteritis

65
Q

MI in chikdren

Coronary artery aneurysm

A

Kawasaki dse

66
Q

pulmonary prominent involvement

A

Wegener granulomatosis

67
Q

Recurrent Oral apthous ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

A

Behcet syndrome

68
Q

Port wine stain

A

Sturge weber syndrome

69
Q

Continuous machinery like murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

70
Q

Components of tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD
RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION
OVERRIDING AORTA
RVH

71
Q

Boot shaped heart on cxr

Coeur en sabot

A

TOF

72
Q

Egg on the side appearance

Apple on a stem

A

TGA

73
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

Rheumatic fever

74
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

Rheumatic fever

75
Q

HACEK

  • subacute IE
A 
H haemophilus spp
A aggregatibacter spp
C cardiobacterium spp
E eikenella corrodens
K kingella spp
76
Q

Watter bottle appearance

Beck triad

A

Pericardial effusions

77
Q

Beck triad?

A

Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Hypotension

78
Q

T12:21

A

B cell ALL

79
Q

NOTCH-1

A

T cell ALL

80
Q

T15;17

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

81
Q

BCR ABL T9;22

A

CHronic Myelogenous Leukemia

82
Q

Birbeck granules

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

83
Q

Ratio of the volume of RBC to that of the whole blood

A

Hematocrit

84
Q

Average volume of red cells

A

MCV

85
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnostic test

A

Osmotic fragility testing

86
Q

Heinz bodies
Degma cells / bite cells
Protective against malaria

A

G6PD def

87
Q

Crew cut appearance skull skull

A

Beta thalassemia

88
Q

eggshell calcifications

A

Silicosis

89
Q

Asteroid bodies

Schaumann bodies

A

Sarcoidosis

90
Q

Most deadly of all SKIN cancers

A

MELANOMA

91
Q

Imp RF of Melanoma

A

SUN EXPOSURE

92
Q

Big eosinophilic nuclei?

A

Melanoma

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma PAA

93
Q

Rapid increase in number of sevorrhic keratosis

Paraneoplastic syndrome of GI malignancies

A

Leser Trelat signs

The sign of Leser-Trélat may be more precisely defined as the abrupt appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses caused by an associated cancer and the rapid increase in their size and number. This definition is parallel to that of malignant acanthosis nigricans; both conditions are obligate paraneoplastic syndromes.

94
Q

Attpical dyskeratotic cells in vasal epidermis with intercellular bridges

A

Actinic keratosis

95
Q

Dermal imvasion
Keratin pearl
Dyskeratotic cells

A

Squamous cell CA

Dyskeratosis is abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum

96
Q

Peripheral palasading

Stromal retraction

A

BCCA

97
Q

Target lesions

Interface dermatitis

A

SJS/TEN

98
Q

Morphology:

Test tubes in a rack appearance
Munro microabscesses
Spongiform pustules of Kogoj

A

Psoriasis

99
Q

6Ps of Lichen Planus

A 
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
planar
papules
plaques
100
Q 
Epidermal hyperplasia
Hyoerkeratosis
Hypergranulosis
Interface dermatitis
Civatte/ Colloid bodies
A

Lichen Planus

101
Q

Hallmark of Acne Vulgaris

A

Comedogenesis

102
Q

Impetigo etiologic agent

A

GABHS

S. AUREUS

103
Q

Osteoblast fxn?

MEDIATED by?

A

OsteoBlast - B!

Bring calcium to bone

MEDIATED by? Calcitonin

104
Q

Reabsorbs CA from serum?

MEDIATED by?

A

OsteoClast

Mediated by? PTH

105
Q

Most common Lethal Form of dwarfism?

A

Thanatropic dysplasia

106
Q

Most common inherited disorder of connective tissue

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

107
Q

Erlenmeyer flask deformity

A

Osteopetrosis / marble Bone dse

108
Q

Hard but brittle bones?

A

OsteoPetrosis

109
Q

Decreased Bone mass?

A

Osteopenia

Severe osteopenia- osteoporosis

110
Q

Increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass

A

Paget disease / osteitis deformans

111
Q

Jigsaw puzzle

A

Paget dse

112
Q

Dissecting osteitis

Railroad track like appearance

A

Hyper parathyroidism

113
Q

Saber shin?

A

Skeletal syphilis

T. Pallidum syphilis
T. Pertenue yaws

114
Q

Lacelike pattern
Sunburst appearance
Codman triangle / perisosteal lifting

A

Osteosarcoma

115
Q

Ollier and Maffucci syndrome

Cytologically benign chondrocytes

A

Chondroma

116
Q

Anaplastic chrondocytes with varying cellularity mitosis and atypia

A

Chondrosarcoma

117
Q

2nd most common grp of bone sarcomas in children

A

Ewing sarcoma

118
Q

T11;22

EWS-FL11 fusion gene

A

Ewing sarcoma

119
Q

Small round blue cells

Homer wright rosettes

A

Ewing sarcoma

120
Q

Curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone without osteoblastic brimming

A

Fibrous dysplasia

121
Q

“Bamboo-stick” appearance of spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

122
Q

“Pencil in a cup” deformity

A

Psoriatic

123
Q

Recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites -5

A 
Margination
Rolling
Adhesion
Transmigration 
Migration/chemotaxis
124
Q

Likelihood for malignancy

SQUAMOUS CELL CA

A 
Smoking
Alcohol
Betel quid and paan
Actinic radiation
Pipe smoking
HPV Infx - hpv16
125
Q

Periorbital lilac discoloration

A

Heliotrope rash

DERMATOMYOSITIS

126
Q

Dusky red patches over knuckles, knees, and elbow

A

Gottron papules

DERMATOMYOSITIS

127
Q

Periorbital lilac discoloration

A

Heliotrope rash

DERMATOMYOSITIS

128
Q

Dusky red patches over knuckles, knees, and elbow

A

Gottron papules

DERMATOMYOSITIS

129
Q

Lisch nodules
Cafe au lait spots
Pheochromocytoma
Optic nerve glioma

A

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1

130
Q

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1

What chromosome?

A

Chromosome 17

131
Q

Bilateral eight nerve scwhannomas

Ependymomas

A

NF TYPE2

132
Q

Lisch nodules
Cafe au lait spots
Pheochromocytoma
Optic nerve glioma

A

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1

133
Q

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1

What chromosome?

A

Chromosome 17

134
Q

Bilateral eight nerve scwhannomas

Ependymomas

A

NF TYPE2

135
Q

Charcot bouchard microaneurysm

A

Hypertensive ICH

136
Q

Charcot bouchard microaneurysm

A

Hypertensive ICH

137
Q

Charcot bouchard microaneurysm

A

Hypertensive ICH

138
Q

Fried egg appearance

A

Oligodendroglioma

139
Q

Waxy pallor of the optic disk

Accumulation of retinal pigment around blood vessel’s

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

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