3- Paediatric respiratory - breath sounds (2/2) Flashcards
what can cause irregular breath sounds
obstruction
inflammation
infection
fluid in the lungs
asthma
typical breath sounds is similar to the
sounds of air
types of irregular breath sound
bronchial breathing
stridor
wheeze
rhoncus
fine crackle
coarse crackle
stretor
normal tracheal sounds
hollow and non-musical
clearly heard in both phases of respiratory cycle
normal or vesicular lung sounds
soft and non musical
heard only on inspiration and early expiration
bronchial breathing
soft non musical
heard on both phases of respiratory cycle -> mimics tracheal sound
causes of bronchial breathing
causes by consolidated lung tissue e.g. pneumonia or fibrosis
stridor
muscical, high-pitched
most prominent on inspiration
may be heard over upper airways or at a distance without stethoscope
causes of stridor
indicates upper airway obstruction
- croup
- epiglottitis
rhoncus
musical low-pitched
similar to snoring
may be heard on inspiration or expiration or both
cause of rhoncus
due to secretions in larger airways
- bronchitis
- COPD
often cleared by coughing
wheeze
musical low pitched
heard on inspiration or expiration or both
causes of wheeze
airway narrowing or blockage
- asthma
- COPD
- foreign object
fine crackle
non musical, short, explosive, heard on mid to late inspiration
unaffected by cough, not transmitted through mouth
cause of fine crackles
interstitial lung fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
congestive heart failur
coarse crackles
non musical, short, explosive sounds
heard early inspiration and throughout expiration
transmitted through mlouht
cause of coarse crackles
indicated intermittent airway opening
- chronic bronchitis
stertor
low-pitched
noise created in the nose or back of the throat
sounds like nasal congestion or snoring
What is stridor vs stertor?
‘Stertor’ is noisy breathing which occurs above the larynx.
‘Stridor’ is noisy breathing that occurs at the level of the larynx or below
cause of stertor
common cold
