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C1 - Chemistry > 3 Metals And Their Uses > Flashcards

3 Metals And Their Uses Flashcards

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1
Q

What two things are considered when working out whether or not to extract a metal? 2

A
  • how easy it is to extract it from its ore

- how much metal the ore contains

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2
Q

Give examples of metals that are found combined with oxygen?4

A

Copper
Lead
Zinc
Iron

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3
Q

When a more reactive metal is combined with a less reactive metal what will it do to it?

A

Displace it

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4
Q

How are gold and silver found?

A

As the elements themselves (

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5
Q

If a metal is combined with oxygen what has to be done before you can use it?

A

It has to be chemically separated before it can be used

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6
Q

If there is enough in a rock to make it economic to extract it what do we call the rock?

A

A metal ore

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7
Q

Why is gold found as a metal rather than combined with elements in compounds?

A

They are so unreactive

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8
Q

What is meant by reduction?

A

The removal of oxygen from a compound

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9
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

By electrolysis

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10
Q

Why is platinum being so unreactive useful with rings?

A

Being so unreactive means that the ring will last longer as it will be unaffected by external factors

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11
Q

How is iron ore reduced?

A

By using carbon in a blast furnace

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12
Q

Why is iron from a blast furnace not very useful?

A

Pre iron is too soft for it to be very useful

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13
Q

What is an allow?

A

A metal that is mixed with other elements

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14
Q

What is steel an alloy of?

A

Iron

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15
Q

What are the three main types of steel and their main property?6

A
  • low carbon steels which are easily shaped
  • high carbon steels which are very hard
  • stainless steels which are resistant to corrosion
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16
Q

How is iron changed to make it useful?

A

Carefully controlled quantities of carbon and other elements are added to iron to make alloys of steel with different properties

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17
Q

What is cast iron?

A

When iron from the blast furnace, poured into moulds and left to solidify is called cast iron

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18
Q

How does cast iron differ from pure iron?4

A
  • cast iron contains impurities
  • making it harder and less reactive than pure iron
  • pure iron combined oxygen will rust wheras cast iron won’t
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19
Q

Why do surgical instruments made from steel contain chromium and nickel?3

A

To make it harder and stronger as well as lasting longer

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20
Q

Why are aluminium and titanium do useful?

A

They are resistant to corrosion

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21
Q

Where do metals come from?

A
  • metals are found in the earths crust
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22
Q

What are stainless steels?

A

Chromium-Nickel steels

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23
Q

What are some common uses of aluminium? 6

A
  • drink cans
  • cooking foil
  • saucepans
  • aeroplanes
  • high voltage cables
  • bicycles
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24
Q

Name six characteristics of aluminium?

A
  • light
  • relatively low density
  • excellent conductor of energy and electricity
  • malleable
  • doesn’t corrode easily
  • relatively reactive
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25
Q

How is aluminium extracted?4

A

By electrolysis

An electric current is passed through molten aluminium oxide at high temperatures to break it down

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26
Q

Why do we use titanium for parts of jet engines?

A

Because it keeps its strength even at high temperatures

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27
Q

Why is titanium used in nuclear reactors? 3

A

It can stand up to high temperatures and it’s tough oxide layer means that it’s resistant to corrosion

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28
Q

Why is titanium used for replacement hip joints l?3

A

Low density (light)
Strength
Resistance to corrosion

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29
Q

properties of titanium?4

A

Light
Strong
Resistant to corrosion
High melting point

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30
Q

Why is it expensive to extract aluminium and titanium?2

A

Large amounts of energy is needed and there are lots of stages

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31
Q

What methods can be used to obtain copper from low grade ores?2

A
  • bacteria are used in bioleachond

- plants in phytomining

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32
Q

How is copper purified?

A

Electrolysis

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33
Q

Why are metals always deposited at the negative electrode?

A

Because they are always positively charged

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34
Q

What electrode are metals always deposited at?

A

Negative electrode

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35
Q

What is smelting?

A

When copper is extracted from its ore by heating

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36
Q

What chemical do we use to treat copper ore in order to form copper sulfate?

A

Sulfuric acid

37
Q

Why is gold made into an allow in jewellery?

A

To make it last longer and harder

38
Q

Why would copper be useful to a plumber?

A
  • it carries water

- it conducts electricity

39
Q

Name three properties of the transition metals?

A
  • strong
  • but can be bent or hammered into useful shapes
  • good conductors of electricity and energy
40
Q

When pure copper is alloyed with tin what does it make?

A

Bronze

41
Q

When pure copper is alloyed with zinc what does it make?

A

Brass

42
Q

How can plants help to exploit low grade metal ores?

A

The metals can be recovered by processing the ash and burning the plants

43
Q

Why should we recycle metals?3

A

Because it saves energy
And out limited metal ores and fossil fuels
The pollution from extracting metals is also reduce d

44
Q

What is the problem with smelting for copper?

A

It is impure, it needs to be by electrolysis

45
Q

Describe phytomining?

A

This involves growing plans in soil that contains copper
The copper absorbs in the leaves
The plants can be burned in a furnace
The copper can be collected from the ash left in the furnace

46
Q

Why is titanium more e pensive than iron?

A

Many stages needed to extract titanium

More energy and materials are needed to extract titanium

47
Q

Why is copper extracted from ores containing a low percentage of copper compounds?

A 
Copper is running out
There are no amounts of high grade copper ores left
Copper is expensive
It is now economical to extract from
Low grade ores
48
Q

Why is the extraction of pure copper expensive?

A

Large amounts of fuels used
Extraction had many steps
Large amounts of material have to be mined

49
Q

In electrolysis what electrode do the copper ions move towards?

A

Negative electrode

Because copper joke are positively charged

50
Q

What is used in phytomining to remove copper compounds from land?

A

Plants

51
Q

Name the type of reaction that releases energy from a fuel?

A

Exothermic

52
Q

Why use alloys?

A

Hard strong

Resistant to corrosion

53
Q

Advantages of biodiesel?

A 
Produced less carbon dioxide and no sulphur dioxide
Produced less particulates
Renewable
Less acid rain
Conserved resources
Carbon neutral
54
Q

Disadvantages of biodiesel?

A 
Produced more nitrogen oxides
Deforestation for land
Land could have been sued for food 
Crops are unreliable
Destruction of habitats
55
Q

Why would smelting not be used?

A

Little copper so is uneconomical

56
Q

describe what happens to copper ions during electrolysis?

A

Copper ions are attracted to the negative electrode

Where they are reduced

57
Q

Why is argon used in extraction?

A

It is very unreactive

58
Q

Why is titanium more expensive than iron?

A

More stages in its manufacture
Larger amounts of energy needed
Argon had to be produced as titanium is reactive

59
Q

Why extract iron instead of aluminium?

A 
Iron used less energy for extraction 
More used
More demand
Stronger
Cheaper
60
Q

Suggest two reasons why aluminium drink cans should be recycled?

A 
Saved resources
Landi
Saves energy
Less carbon dioxide
Less quarrying
61
Q

What type of metals are extracted by electrolysis?

A

Metals that are more reactive than carbon have to be extracted by electrolysis

62
Q

Properties and uses of stainless steel?

A

Resistant to corrosion
Cutlery
Containers for corrosive substances

63
Q

Properties and uses of high carbon steel?

A

Very hard and inflexible
Blades for cutting tools
Bridges

64
Q

Properties and uses of low carbon steel?

A

Easily shaped

Car bodies

65
Q

Why is pure iron softer than cast iron?

A

Easier for layers in pure iron to slide over eachother

Same size atoms

66
Q

What are most metals found as?

A

Compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal

67
Q

How can copper be extracted from copper rich ores?

A

Smelting

Then purified by electrolysis

68
Q

How can copper be obtained from solutions of copper salts?

A

Electrolysis
Or
Displacement using scrap iron

69
Q

Describe phytomining?

A

Plants absorb dissolved metal ions in the soul through their roots
Plants burned metals extracted from ash

Then eg Copper ions can be leached (dissolved) from the ash by adding sulphuric acid

Making a solution of copper sulphate
Electrolysis can purify this

70
Q

Why should we recycle metal?

A

Extracting them used limited resources and is expensive in terms of energy
Also effects the environment

71
Q

What makes iron brittle?

A

It contains impurities

72
Q

What are steels?

A

Mixtures of iron with carbon

73
Q

Properities of copper?

A

Good conductor
Can be bent but is hard enough to be used to make pipes or tanks
Does not react with water

74
Q

What is copper useful for?

A

Electrical wiring

Plumbing

75
Q

Why are both titanium and aluminium useful metals?

A

Low density

Resistant to corrosion

76
Q

What is cast iron used to make?

A

Wood burning stoves

Engines

77
Q

Why is titanium used for aircrafts and racing bikes?

A

Strength

Low density

78
Q

Why is titanium used for jet engines and nuclear reactors?

A

Can withstand high temperatures

Resistant to corrosion

79
Q

How is bronze made?

A

Mixing copper with ton

80
Q

How is brass made?

A

Mixing copper with zinc

81
Q

Copper properties?

A

Tough
Resistant to corrosion

Used in ship propellers

82
Q

Properties of brass?

A

Very hard but worked le
Can be hammered into sheets and intricate shaped

Used to make musical instruments

83
Q

What is copper used for?

A

Pipes that carry water (dosent react with water)

Wired that contact electricity

84
Q

Why recycle metal?

A

Reduces the need to mine the metal ore
Conserved resources
Saves energy

85
Q

Used of steel?

A

Bridges
Skyscrapers
Concrete bridges (reinforced with steel rods)

86
Q

Describe bio leaching?

A

Bacteria grow on the ore
Produce a solution as a byproduct of this
Solution can then be purified using electrolysis or displacement using scrap iron

87
Q

How do you extract copper from its ore?

A

Smelting

React with sulphuric acid

88
Q

Extracting using carbon is an example of what type of reaction?

A

Reduction

C1 - Chemistry (7 decks)

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