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C1 - Chemistry > 2 Rocks And Building Materials > Flashcards

2 Rocks And Building Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when we heat limestone?3

A

It breaks down to form

Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Thermal decomposition is what it’s called

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2
Q

What is limestone mainly made from?

A

Calcium carbonate

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3
Q

How is lots of calcium oxide made?2

A

In a furnace called a line kiln

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4
Q

How does a lime kiln work?4

A
  • it is filled with crushed limestone
  • heated strongly using a supply of hot air
  • calcium oxide comes out of the bottom of the kiln
  • waste gases, including the carbon dioxide made leave the kiln at the top
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5
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

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6
Q

Other than building what can limestone be used to produce?2

A

Cement

Concrete

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7
Q

How can limestone be used to make cement?

A

it can be heated with powdered clay to make cement

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8
Q

What is calcium oxide useful for?

A

Building and farming industry

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9
Q

What happens when dilute acid is added to a carbonate?3

A

Carbonated react with dilute acid to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?2

A
  • Limewater turns cloudy in the test for carbon dioxide gas

- a precipitate of insoluble calcium carbonate causes cloudiness

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11
Q

How can we make when calcium oxide reacts with water?

A

Calcium hydroxide

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12
Q

How can we make calcium hydroxide from calcium oxide?

A

When water is added to calcium oxide it produces calcium hydroxide

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13
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide a useful substance?

A

Calcium hydroxide is alkaline so it can be used to neutralise acids

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14
Q

How do we make concrete?4

A
  • it is made by mixing crushed rocks or small stones called aggregate, cement and sand with water
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15
Q

How do we make cement?

A

It is made by heating limestone with clay in a kiln

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16
Q

What are the uses of limestone?

A

The building industry

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17
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid formed by a reaction taking place in a solid

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18
Q

What does calcium oxide react with to produce calcium hydroxide?

A

Water

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19
Q

What does calcium hydroxide react with to produce calcium carbonate?

A

Carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Why are buildings made from limestone affected by the products from burning fossil fuels contains sulphur?

A

Sulphur burns to produce sulfur dioxide

That causes acid rain that erodes limestone

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21
Q

Why does nitrogen come out of a kiln?

A

Air does and 75-80% of air is nitrogen

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22
Q

Test for carbon dioxide in limewater?

A

Goes cloudy in limewater

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23
Q

Why does the production of low carbon steel use oxygen?

A

Oxygen is needed to react with carbon

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24
Q

Why does the production of titanium use argon?

A

Because it is very unreactive

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25
Q

Why is titanium more expensive than iron?

A

More stages in its manufacture
Larger amounts of energy needed
Argon is used

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26
Q

Explain how products from burning coal have an impact on the environment?

A

Carbon dioxide causes global warming
Carbon particles cause global dimming
Carbon monoxide is toxic
Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain

27
Q

What does burning methane produced?

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

28
Q

How much nitrogen is in the air?

A

78%

29
Q

Why can metals be bent and hammered into different shapes?

A

Layers of atoms that can slide over eachother

30
Q

How does limestone release carbon dioxide?

A

Thermal decomposition

31
Q

How does limestone remove sulphur dioxide?

A

Reacts with sulphur dioxide to form calcium sulfate

Neutralised

32
Q

Explain how carbon monoxide is formed?

A

Incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen

33
Q

Explain the meaning of locked up carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Taken in millions of years ago
Used to form shells or skeletons
of marine organisms

34
Q

What does calcium carbonate decompose to be?

A

Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

35
Q

What decomposes in a similar way to calcium carbonate?

A

Magnesium
Copper
Zinc
Sodium

36
Q

What do metal carbonates decompose (on heating) to produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and metal oxide

37
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy

38
Q

What do carbonates react with acids to produced

A

Carbon dioxide
A salt
Water

39
Q

What happens when limestone is heated with clay?

A

Makes cement

40
Q

How is cement used to make mortar?

A

It’s mixed with sand

41
Q

How do you make concrete from cement?

A

Mix cement with sand and aggregate

42
Q

What does a solution of calcium hydroxide in water react with carbon dioxide to produce?

A

Calcium carbonate

43
Q

What is limewater?

A

Calcium hydroxide in water

44
Q

What does limestone thermally decompose to produce?

A

Calcium oxide

And carbon dioxide

45
Q

How do you make calcium hydroxide solution from calcium hydroxide?

A

Add more water and filter

46
Q

Why use a limestone kiln?

A

You can make lots of calcium oxide

47
Q

Why rotate a kiln?

A

So there is a proper supply of air

So the calcium carbonate decomposed completely

48
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Turns limewater solution cloudy

49
Q

Describe how the limewater test works?

A

Limewater is alkaline calcium hydroxide
Carbon dioxide is weakly acidic
They react to form precipitate of calcium carbonate
Which turns the limewater cloudy
As light can’t pass through solution with solid in it

50
Q

How is calcium hydroxide used?

A

To improve soul is acidic because it is an alkali
It will raise the ph of an acidic soil

Neutralise acidic waste gases before releasing gases in the air

51
Q

How is concrete used?

A

Glass fibres
Carbon fibres
Steel rods
Poly propene nylon

52
Q

What are metals always?

A

Positive

53
Q

What are non metals always?

A

Negative

54
Q

Why don’t we react carbon with titanium?

A

It is made brittle

55
Q

What are the simplest steels?

A

Carbon steels

56
Q

Why is concrete stronger than mortar

A

Contains more aggregate

57
Q

Why is scrap iron used to get copper?

A

It is cheap

58
Q

Advantages of phytomining?

A

Carbon neutral

Less expensive for small amounts

59
Q

Disadvantage of phytomining?

A

Not continuous as it takes too long for plants to grow

60
Q

Why is iron straight from a blast furnace not useful?

A

It’s very brittle

Very hard
Can’t be compressed easily

61
Q

How do you treat iron in a blast furnace?

A

To remove some of the carbon to give us pure iron

62
Q

How do you make carbon steels?

A

By removing most of the carbon from cast iron

63
Q

What does distillation do?

A

Separated liquids with different boiling points

C1 - Chemistry (7 decks)

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