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C1 - Chemistry > 1 Fundamental Ideas > Flashcards

1 Fundamental Ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we represent atoms and elements?

A

Periodic table

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2
Q

What is the basic structure of an atom?

A

An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre, surrounded by electrons

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3
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A grouping of two or more atoms bonded together is called a molecule

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4
Q

What holds together a compound?

A

Chemical bond

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

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6
Q

What is an element?2

A

A substance made up or only one type of atom

An element cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance

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7
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

The attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons

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8
Q

What is the charge on a proton?

A

Positive

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9
Q

What is the charge on a neutron?

A

Neutral

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10
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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11
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons

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12
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Number of protons + neutrons

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13
Q

What is the proton number equal to?

A

The number of electrons

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14
Q

What are elements made of?

A

Atoms

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15
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

Because the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

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16
Q

How are electrons arranged inside the atom?

A

In energy levels (shells)

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17
Q

When atoms have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, what do they have common in the periodic table?

A

They are in the same group

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18
Q

Why are the atoms of group 0 elements so un reactive?

A

The atoms of the unreactive noble gases all have very stable arrangements of electrons

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19
Q

What does the number of electrons in the outer shell determine?

A

The way the element reacts

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20
Q

How many electrons does the second energy level hold?

A

8 electrons

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21
Q

What happens when metals react with non metals?

A

Charge particles called ions are formed

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22
Q

What happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction?2

A

As no new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction:

The total mass of reactants = the total mass of products

23
Q

Group number?

A

Electrons in outer shell

24
Q

Period number?

A

Number of rings

25
Q

Name the two sub atomic particles in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Proton

Neutron

26
Q

Why is there no overall electrical charge on each atom?

A

There are equal numbers of protons and electrons

27
Q

What makes an atom unreactive?

A

Full outer shell

28
Q

What is water vapour?

A

Hydrogen oxide

29
Q

Name one instrumental method used to identify elements or compounds?

A

Mass spectroscopy

30
Q

Advantages of using instrumental methods instead of chemical tests?

A 
Fast
Small amount
Sensitive
Reliable
Continuous
31
Q

Purpose of paper chromatography?

A

Separating artificial colours

32
Q

Purpose of gas chromatography?

A

Identifies substances
And
Separates mixtures

33
Q

Purpose of mass spectroscopy?

A

Relative molecular mass found

Substance identified

34
Q

Describe mass spectroscopy?

A

GC machine allows the separated substances leaving the column to have their molecular mass identified
Graph drawn
Peak furthers to the right is the molecular ion peak

35
Q

Describe paper chromatography?

A

Extract colour from food sample and place it in a cup with solvent
Spots of this solution on the PENCIL baseline on filter paper
Sheet in beaker with solvent - baseline above solvent
Solvent deeps up paper with dyes
Different peaks formed

36
Q

Describe gas chromatography?

A

Gas carries substances though a column, filled with solid material
Substances travel through at different speeds - separating them
Time taken to reach detector at end of the tube is the RETENTION TIME
Which helps to identity substances
The recorder draws a gas chromatograph -

number of peaks shoes the number of compounds
Position of peaks shows rtention time

37
Q

Roughly how many elements are there thought to be?

A

100

38
Q

What do compounds formed from non metals consist of?

A

Molecules

39
Q

In molecules, how are the atoms held together?

A

Covalent bonds

40
Q

What do compounds formed from metals and non metals consist of?

A

Ions

41
Q

How do metals react?

A

They lose electrons to form positive ions

42
Q

How do non metals react?

A

They gain electrons to form negative ions

43
Q

Atomic number?

A

Protons

44
Q

Mass number?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

45
Q

Suggest why we should recycle aluminium drink cans?

A

Reduce landfill
Saves resources
Less quarrying

46
Q

What is meant by reduction?

A

Loss of oxygen

Gain of electrons t

47
Q

What does making an alloy do?

A

Increase hardness
Decrease malleability
Increase resistance to corrosion

48
Q

What makes something a good fuel?

A

Burns easily produces high heat energy

Easy to store or transport

49
Q

Hydrogen test?

A

Ignite a splint

Gas burns to make a squeaky pop

50
Q

Hydrogen test?

A

Ignite a splint

Gas burns to make a squeaky pop

51
Q

What makes something a good fuel?

A

Burns easily produces high heat energy

Easy to store or transport

52
Q

What does making an alloy do?

A

Increase hardness
Decrease malleability
Increase resistance to corrosion

53
Q

What is meant by reduction?

A

Loss of oxygen

Gain of electrons t

C1 - Chemistry (7 decks)

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