(3) MEMORY Flashcards
What is Miller’s magic number for short-term memory?
7
Miller’s magic number suggests that the average person can recall 7 items in short-term memory, with a range from 5 to 9.
How can short-term memory be improved?
By breaking down into 5-9 chunks
Chunking allows us to remember information more effectively, such as remembering 5 words as easily as 5 letters.
What is the digit span found in Jacobs’ (1887) study for numbers?
9.3
Jacobs conducted a digit span test where participants recalled numbers in order until they could not, leading to this average.
What is the digit span found in Jacobs’ (1887) study for letters?
7.3
The average digit span for letters was found to be lower than that for numbers in Jacobs’ study.
Is there a limit to the capacity of long-term memory?
No limit
Long-term memory capacity is considered to be unlimited.
True or False: The capacity of short-term memory is the same for everyone.
False
Research indicates that short-term memory capacity varies among individuals.
What is A03 eval for capacity?
Digit span increases with age
For instance, 8-year-olds had an average digit span of 6, while 19-year-olds had an average of 8.
What year was the study on STM duration published?
1959
How many students participated in the STM duration study?
24 students
What two types of information were participants given during each trial?
A consonant syllable and a three-digit number
What was the maximum retention interval used in the STM study?
18 seconds
What task did participants perform during the retention interval?
Count backwards from their three-digit number
What percentage of participants recalled the consonant syllable correctly after 3 seconds?
90%
What percentage of participants recalled the consonant syllable correctly after 9 seconds?
20%
What percentage of participants recalled the consonant syllable correctly after 18 seconds?
2%
