3. Management Theories

Question 1

This is solely reliant on statistics and data.

Answer 1

Quantitative Approach

Question 2

This changed the way managers look at their jobs.

Answer 2

Modern Management Theory

Question 3

What are the three (3) Views of Management?

Answer 3

Mechanistic, Economic, and Organism

Question 4

This approach looks at all components of an organization to see how they interact and to create one larger system.

Answer 4

Systems Approach

Question 5

The System Approach to Management sought to find an equal balance between the extremely impersonal ____________ and the individually-focused __________.

Answer 5

• Scientific Approach

- Human Relations Approach

Question 6

Who first introduced the idea of a Systems Approach to explore the relationships between organisms and the environment?

Answer 6

Biologist Ludwig Von Bertalanffy

Question 7

Activity is organized through the marketing function, and this system is driven by self-interest.

Answer 7

Exchange Systems

Question 8

Outcomes are based on the threat of loss, and this system is driven by fear and love.

Answer 8

Threat Systems

Question 9

There is an integration of utility functions, which results in the situation “what you want, I want,” and this system us also driven by fear and love, where we express our passion and compassion for others.

Answer 9

Integrative or Love Systems

Question 10

The Systems Approach also looks at the interaction between the social aspect of business and technological changes. These changes in the sub-systems cause a _________ that imparts the entire system.

Answer 10

ripple effect

Question 11

The Systems Approach relies on all components, or sub-systems, to work in _________ and ____________ in order to ensure the success of the larger system.

Answer 11

harmony, coordination

Question 12

Within the Suprasystem, what are the four (4) systems that comprise the Managerial System?

Answer 12

• Goals and Values System
• Technical System
• Psychosocial System
• Structural System

Question 13

Who developed the framework of Managerial System?

Answer 13

Kast and Rozenweig

Question 14

What are the six (6) steps in Managerial System?

Answer 14

1. Goal Setting
2. Planning
3. Assembling Resources
4. Organizing
5. Implementing
6. Controlling

Question 15

This claimed that there is no one best way to manage since it recognizes that all business situations are different. Each event comes with its own sets of problems, challenges, and internal and external environmental factors that may impact outcomes.

Answer 15

Contingency Perspective

Question 16

What are the five (5) macro-environmental factors or contingencies under Contingency Perspective?

Answer 16

1. Changes in Technology
2. Demographic Shift
3. Economic Conditions
4. Cultural Factors
5. Government and Legislation

Question 17

The Contingency Perspective builds upon the ____________ yet recognizes that there are numerous factors that may impact an organziation’s performance.

Answer 17

Systems Approach

Question 18

If management is __________, the management can respond to each of the factors and act accordingly.

Answer 18

flexible

Question 19

Studies of companies that operate in __________ environment are more successful with a flexible approach to management, while companies in a more ________ environment do better with a more rigid and ________ management style of operations.

Answer 19

• uncertain
• stable
• structured

Question 20

This states that any system can exist without any specific direction or predicatability.

Answer 20

Chaos Theory

Question 21

He quoted that “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Predication becomes impossible.”

Answer 21

Henri Poincare

Question 22

It describes the flapping of butterfly’s wings in one part of the world could have a dramatic impact on the weather somewhere else.

Answer 22

Butterfly Effect

Question 23

By recognizing that chaos was part of the normal order of things, techniques could be employed that would _________, and take advantage of, ensuing ________.

Answer 23

• anticipate

- chaos

Question 24

In Chaos Theory, __________ will begin to emerge, enabling management to identify most effective ways of shaping the organization.

Answer 24

Patterns

Question 25

True or False.

A small change in a system, have an insignificant effect on the system itself.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or False.
Good managers understand that effective relationships develop among workers, and those relationships will be in dynamic states of change.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

True or False.

Industrial growth due to the Industrial Revolution highlighted the need for new management practices.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

This approach focused on hierarchical structures and clear designations of authority.

Answer 28

Bureaucratic Approach

Question 29

This approach identified the five functions for conducting all life’s activities.

Answer 29

Administrative Approach

Question 30

That are these five functions under Administrative Approach?

Answer 30

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Commanding
4. Coordinating
5. Controlling

Question 31

This approach proved that meeting social needs of workers could enhance the workplace and positively impact productivity.

Answer 31

Human Relations Approach

Question 32

This approach focused on efficiency of movement, stating that a properly designed job would motivate an employee to be more productive.

Answer 32

Scientific Approach

Question 33

Who developed the Administrative Approach of Management?

Answer 33

Henri Fayol

Question 34

Who discovered the Butterfly Effect that contributed to the premise of Chaos Theory?

Answer 34

Edward Lorenz

Question 35

Who developed the Scientific Approach to Management?

Answer 35

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 36

Who proposed the Bureaucratic Approach to Management?

Answer 36

Max Weber

Question 37

Who identified the Human Relations Approach to Management?

Answer 37

Elton Mayo

Question 38

True or False.
Quantitative Approach looks and uses measurement of quantity or amount, which involves crunching of data to decide how an organization should run or be managed.

Answer 38

True