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Mental Health > 3 Lungs + Thorax > Flashcards

3 Lungs + Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

lungs

[lobes + size]

A

R: 3 lobes
L: 2 lobes + larger

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2
Q

Points to listen to

A

Anterior: 6
Posterior: 8
Lateral: 2

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3
Q

first bony landmark

A

sternum

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4
Q

landmark for when the trachea bifurcates into L + R main bronchi

A

anterior: angle of louis
posterior: T3+T5

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5
Q

landmark for apices

A

ant: 2-4cm above clavicle
post: superior to scapula, bw vertebra + midscapula

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6
Q

landmark for base

A
  • 6th intercostal @ midclviclr line
  • 8th intercostal @ axillary line
  • 10th intercostal @ scapular line
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7
Q

prevalence of asthma is HIGHEST among

A

hispanic/puerto rican, native amercn, alaskan, black, filipino,

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8
Q

prevalence of asthma is LOWEST among

A

asian americans + asian pacific islanders

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9
Q

cold environment encourages ___ + ____ the need for oxygen

A
  • vasoconstriction

- decreases

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10
Q

an environment w incr moisture + humidity has ___ air, individuals will ___ easily and ___ their need for oxygen

A
  • heavy
  • tire
  • increase
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11
Q

as altitude increases, the partial pressure of O decreases. individuals must adapt by…

A

increasing the rate + depth of resp cycle

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12
Q

mouth breathing is assoc w

A

problems w nose, habit, or air hunger

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13
Q

pt who have to prop themselves up or sit up while sleeping may have…

A

orthopnea: dyspnea while laying down

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14
Q

pink reddish mucus may indicate…

A

tuberculosis

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15
Q

questions about nutritional intake is important to determine…

A

status of production of RBC, hemoglobin

-essential for oxygenation

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16
Q

ratio of length of inspiration + expiration

A

1:2 [I:E]

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17
Q

normal costal angle

A

less than 90 degrees

18
Q

anxiety may demonstrate…

A

pallor + shallow breathing

19
Q

pt experiencing

  • pain
  • dyspnea
  • restlessness
  • anxious
  • unable to follow directions
A

may need immediate medical assistance

20
Q

circumoral cyanosis

A

bluish/grey mucus membranes in mough

-early sign of resp distress or hypoxia

21
Q

types of abnormal chest configurations

A
  • barrel chest
  • pectus carinatum
  • pectus excavatum
  • scoliosis
  • kyphosis
22
Q

barrel chest

A

anteroposterior diameter=lateral diameter

  • ribs are horizontal
  • occurs normally w aging or COPD
23
Q

pectus carinatum

A

forward displacement of sternum w depression of costal cartilage

  • congenital deformity
  • does not require tx
24
Q

pectus excavatum

A

depression of sternum + adjacent costal cartilage

-all of sternum may be involved but its usually the lower portion where the body meets the xiphoid process

25
Q

if pectus excavatum is severe,

A

chest compression may interfere w respiration

-murmurs may be present w cardiac compression

26
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated curvature of THORACIC

-assoc w aging

27
Q

severe kyphosis…

A

may decr lung expansion + incr cardiac problem

28
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature + rotation of thoracic + lumbar spines

  • more frequent in females
  • shoulders + pelvis may be elevated
29
Q

w scoliosis, deviates greater than ___ may cause distortion of the lungs

A

45 degrees

-results in decr lung volume or difficulty w interpretation of findings in assessment

30
Q

males tend to breathe ___, and females tend to breathe ___

A

males: abdominally
females: thoracically

31
Q

respiratiin in obese pt may be..

A

shallow + rapid

32
Q

crepitus

A
  • crunchy feeling under skin

- may be causes by air leaking into subcutaneous tissue

33
Q

fremitus is strongest over ___ and diminishes over ___, and is practically absent in the ____

A
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • over alveoli
34
Q

decreased or absent fremitus may result from…

A
  • soft voice
  • thick chest wall
  • underlying disease like COPD or pleural effusion
35
Q

increased fremitus may result from…

A
  • fluid in lungs
  • fibrosis
  • tumor
  • infection
36
Q

how to auscultate posterior thorax in obese pt

A
  • skin folds must be moves

- put arms over the head + lean to opposite side

37
Q

tracheal sounds

A

harsh, high pitches

  • over trachea
  • I
38
Q

bronchial sounds

A

loud, high pitches

  • next to trachea
  • E>I
39
Q

bronchovesicular sounds

A

medium in loudness + pitch

  • bw scapulae or next to sternum
  • over major bronchi
  • I=E
40
Q

vesicular

A

soft, low pitched

-I>E : only one where I is greater

41
Q

atelectasis breath sounds

A
  • diminished in both lung

- faint popping sounds if alveoli try to expand

Mental Health (14 decks)

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