3 Breast + Axillae Abnormal Findings

Question 1

Benign Breast Disease aka

Answer 1

FibrocysticBreast Disease

Question 2

Benign/Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Answer 2

• most common bening problem
• caused by fibrosis or thickening of normal breast tissue
• no direct link w incidence of cancer

Question 3

Benign/Fibrocystic Breast Disease

[age]

Answer 3

• women in their 20’s

- after menopause, symptoms usually disappear bc of lack of estrogen

Question 4

Benign/Fibrocystic Breast Disease

subjective findings

Answer 4

• breast pain/tender that begins before onset of menses

- resolution of pain at end of menses

Question 5

Benign/Fibrocystic Breast Disease

objective findings

Answer 5

• soft breast lumps: movable + bilateral
• nipple discharge (no blood)
• cysts [usually in upper outer quad]

Question 6

fibroadenoma

Answer 6

benign tumor in glandular tissue of breasts

• linked to breast hypertrophy
• no relationship w malignant neoplasms

Question 7

fibroadenoma

[age]

Answer 7

• most common in adolescent girls
• —growth spurt during puberty
• women ages 15-35

Question 8

fibroadenoma

subjective findings

Answer 8

• usually asymptomatic

- often discovered thru BSE

Question 9

fibroadenoma

objective findings

Answer 9

• presence of well defined firm round tumors (1-5cm)
• –can move freely
• may involve single tumor near nipple or upper outer quad

Question 10

Intraductal Papilloma

Answer 10

tiny growths of epithelial cells that project into lumen of lactiferous ducts

• most common cause of nipple discharge
• ANY AGE

Question 11

Intraductal Papilloma

subjective finding

Answer 11

• breast enlargement

- breast pain

Question 12

Intraductal Papilloma

objective findings

Answer 12

• one or more lumps

- nipple discharge: bc growths are fragile, minor trauma can cause blood/serum to discharge

Question 13

Mammary Duct Ectasia

Answer 13

inflammation of lactiferous ducts

• cellular debris + fluid collect in involved ducts
• -becomes enlarged + form palpable painful mass
• NOT assoc w cancer + resolves on its own

Question 14

Mammary Duct Ectasia

subjective finding

Answer 14

• thick, sticky nipple discharge

- nipple retraction

Question 15

Mammary Duct Ectasia

objective findings

Answer 15

• asymptomatic often

- breast tenderness/inflammation of clogged duct

Question 16

Carcinoma

subjective finding

Answer 16

• perceived change in breast size, shape
• flattening of a quadrant
• nipple + breast pain/tender

Question 17

Carcinoma

objective findings

Answer 17

• lump/thickening of local area
• dimpling on skin over tumor
• retraction
• deviation of breast or nipple
• nipple retraction
• edema> peau d’orange
• discharge [bloody or clear]

Question 18

positive diagnosis of cancer is made by…

Answer 18

histological examination following an open/closed needle biopsy

Question 19

gynecomastia

Answer 19

• at onset of puberty, more than 30% of males have enlargement in one or both breasts due to hormonal changes
• occurs in males over 50 bc of pituitary or testicular tumors
• estrogenic medication for prostate cancer
• cirrhosis of liver
• adrenal + thyroid disease

Question 20

gynecomastia

subjective

Answer 20

perceived swelling + incr in size

-pain/tender breast

Question 21

gynecomastia

objective

Answer 21

• swelling of breast

- usually secondary to hyperthryroidism so s/s of hyperthyroid

Question 22

less than ___% of breast cancer occurs in males

Answer 22

1