1 Theories Flashcards
types of theories of mental illness
1 psychoanalytic 2 cognitive 3 interpersonal 4 behavioral 5 humanistic 6 biological
psychoanalytic
uncover unconscious conflicts
interpersonal
to reduce/eliminate psych symtoms by improving functioning + satisfaction w social relationships
-mostly for depression
behavioral
approach works best when its directed at a specific problem + goals are defined
-effective in treating phobias, alcohol use, schizo, + others
Sigmeund Freud
believed that source of mental illness is r/t UNRESOLVED ISSUES that from childhood
Freud’s Level of Awareness
1 conscious
2 preconscious
3 unconscious
conscious
all materials that person is aware of at any one time
-perception, memories, thoughts, fantasies, feelings
preconscious
materials that can be retrieved easily thru conscious effort
unconscious
- repressed memories, passions, unacceptable urges
- memories + emo assoc w trauma
- exerts powerful yet unseen effect on the conscious
T/F individual is able to retrieve unconscious materials without the assistance of a trained therapist
FALSE
individual is UNABLE to retrieve w/o prof help
Erik Erikson’s Ego Theory
culture + society exert significant influence on personality
8 predetermined life stages in Erikson
1 trust/mistrust 2 autonomy/shame + doubt 3 initiative/guilt 4 industry/inferiority 5 identity/role confusion 6 intimacy/isolation 7 generativity/self absorption 8 integrity/despair
intimacy vs isolation
20-35 y.o
-intimate bonds of love + friendship
idenntity vs role confusion
12-20y.o
- making transition fr child to adulthood
- developing sense of identity
generevity vs self absorption
35-65 y.o
- fulfilling life goals that involve career, family, society
- developing concerns that embrace future generations
Harry Stack Sullivan’s Theory
- personality can be observed w/in interpersonal relationships
- purpose of all behavior is to get needs met thru interpersonal interactions
Freud’s personality structure consist of…
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
ID vs EGO vs SUPEREGO
shopping cart
ID- yes fight over the cart
SUPEREGO- no, fighting over a cart is IDiotic
EGO- should i fight over the shopping cart?
ID
- at birth, we are all ID
- unconscious + impulsive
- cant tolerate confusion
- lacks ability to problem solve
- illogical
EGO
- first few years of life when child begins to interact w others
- resides in conscious, preconscious, + unconscious
- follows the reality principle
the ego develops ___ to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings
defense mechanism
if ID is too powerful,
then person is impulsive
if SUPEREGO is too powerful,
then person may be self critical or suffer feelings of inferiority
SUPEREGO
- develops bw ages of 3-5
- moral component of personality
- resides in conscious, preconscious, + unconscious
- when behavior falls short of ideal, superego induces guilt
first nurse to ID psych mental health nursing as both an essential element of nursing and as a specialty area
PEPLAU
Types of Behavior Therapy
1 Modeling
2 Operant conditioning
3 Systematic Desensitization
4 Aversion Therapy
Modeling
provides someone to model their behaviors after
- can present a video of good behavior
- pt learns thru imitation
Operant conditioning
- positive reinforcement
- useful in improving verbal behaviors of kids who are mute, autistic, + dvlpmntl disbaled
- useful for EVERYONE
Desentisization/Exposure
- used for ppl w anxiety due to fears, phobias, or traumatic memories
- must know relaxation techniques before exposure
- must go by least feared to most feared
types of desentisization techniques
1 imaginal exposure
2 vivo exposure (real life setting)
3 virtual reality exposure
Aversion therapy
pair target behavior w negative stimulus
-anxiety/fear/neg feelings becomes assoc w pleasurable stimulus
examples of aversion therapy
- punishment
- avoidance training
- disulfram for ETOH
Beck’s method
cognitive + behavioral therapy
- active, directive, time limited, structure method
- based on idea that feelings + behavior are largely determined by the way ppl think about the world + their place in it
schemas
unique assumptions about themselves, others + the world in general
rapid unthinking responses based on schemas are called ____
automatic thoughts or cognitive distortion
beck’s therapeutic techniques are designed to…
-identify, reality test, + correct distorted conceptualization + dysfunctional beliefs underlying them
Maslow’s Hierarchy
- self actualization
- esteem
- love/belonging
- safety
- physiological
according to maslow, when lower needs are met, then ____
higher needs are able to emerge
humanistic theory
- maslow
- focuses on human potential + free will to choose life patterns that are supportive to personal growth
