3. Factors Influencing Growth and Maturation Flashcards
Components of Health-Related Physical Fitness (5)
- Cardio-respiratory endurance aerobic power
- Strength
- Muscular Endurance
- Flexibility
- Body Composition
Objectives of Physical Fitness Testing
(5)
- To assess the status of individuals entering a program.
- To aid in prescribing or limiting the activity of certain individuals.
- To evaluate an individual’s progress.
- To increase individual motivation for entering and adhering to an exercise program.
- To evaluate the success of a program in achieving its objectives.
Characteristics of a Good Physical Fitness Test (6)
- Validity
- Reliability
- Objectivity
- Accuracy
- Norms
- Economy
What is Validity?
a valid test is one that measures effectively what it is supposed to measure.
Compare the test results to a criterion measure or reference standard - there should be a high relationship
What is Reliability?
are the results consistent and reproducible?
A highly reliable test yields the same or approximately the same scores when administered twice to the same individuals, provided conditions and subjects are essentially the same.
What is Error?
the deviation of a measurement, observation, or calculation from the truth.
What are Random Errors?
Random errors influence the results in a random (statistically unpredictable) manner. They cause the results to spread in both directions (positive and negative) about the true value.
Ways to Reduce Error (3)
There will always be a certain amount of random error - due to a combination of technical errors and biological variations in performance.
Test administration should be rigidly controlled – (Standardized Variables)
Certification of examiners to ensure consistency and reliability.
(CSEP – CPT; CFES – CPT)
Skills that require a high proficiency of coordination and reaction should be tested before any tests that may cause fatigue and decrease performance.
What is Objectivity?
reduction of bias, feelings and interpretations to provide a result that is close to reality and truth.
Objective tests often use physical measurements - time, distance and weight.
Objective vs Subjective Errors
Objective tests often use physical measurements - time, distance and weight.
Subjective tests are often lower in objectivity as they require the judgment of the examiner - figure skating.
To increase objectivity, many examiners are often used and the outliers are removed (top and bottom scores).
Providing training for examiners, and very clear criteria for assessment can increase objectivity.
What is Accuracy?
A measure of how close a result is to the “true” value. The accuracy with which things are measured, or with which differences are perceived, depends first upon the precision of the measuring instruments.
- All measuring instruments have their limitations
What are Systematic Errors?
errors that systematically shift the measurements in one direction away from the true value.
They can be caused by instrumentation errors or by the use of incorrect measurement techniques.
- Systematic errors caused by a measuring instrument can be estimated by comparison with a more accurate and reliable instrument - calibration of instruments.
What are Norms?
allow a relative rating or classification of the subject’s performance. They describe a person’s position in a population.
If the only information available about a subject’s test performance is the raw score, interpreting it meaningfully can
be difficult.
A norm describes a subject in relation to a large number of
people who have taken the test.
What is a Percentile?
a point or a position on a theoretical scale of 100 divisions such that a certain fraction of the population of raw scores lies at or below that point.
Median
the 50th percentile, the score that divides a distribution so that 50% of the scores are above this point and 50% fall below.
Effective Field Tests
