2. Anthropometry & Body Composition Flashcards
What is Body Composition?
What Elements Is the Human Body Composed of?
Body composition – relative proportion of different components that make up the human body
- 65% Oxygen
- 18.5% Carbon
- 9.5% Hydrogen
- 3% Nitrogen
- 3% Other
Humans are Composed of which 4 Main Tissue Types?
Tissues are a collection of cells
a. Nervous
b. Epithelial
c. Muscle
d. Connective
Where is Nervous Tissue Located?
(3)
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Nerves
Where is Epithelial Tissue Located?
(3)
- Lining of GI Tract Organs
- Other Hollow Organs
- Skin Surface (Epidermis)
What are the types of Muscle Tissue?
(3)
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Skeletal Muscle
Where is Connective Tissue Located?
(3)
- Fat and Cartilage
- Bone
- Tendon
The human body is made up of which
3 major structural components?
a. Muscle
b. Skeleton (bone)
c. Fat
What is the Two-Component Model?
Two-component model
– the amount of Fat and Fat-Free Mass of which the body is composed.
– Fat-free mass is primarily composed of bone, muscle, water, vital organs, and connective tissue.
What is Anthropometry?
Quantitative measurement of body size and proportions
* For purposes of understanding human physical variation and body composition
– including skinfold thicknesses, circumferences, bony widths and lengths, height, and body weight.
Reasons to Assess Body Composition?
(6)
- Determine optimal body composition for sports
- Develop weight reduction programs
- Determine bone mineral content in women and children
- Monitor changes in body composition associated with disease.
- Track goals for weight management and strength training
- Determine body composition-related health risk
What is Hypertension?
High Blood Pressure
What are some Complications Associated With Obesity? (4)
- Type II diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- Coronary artery disease, and heart failure
- Higher incidence of certain cancers
What is an Eating Disorder?
(4)
An Eating disorder is a disturbance in eating behaviour that jeopardizes a person’s physical or psychological health.
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating disorder
- Female athlete triad
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
- anorexia means “without appetite” and nervosa means “of nerve origin”
- 90% female
- a disorder characterized by
– a refusal to maintain a minimally healthy body weight,
– self-starvation
– a disturbed perception of body weight and shape
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa
– recurring episodes of binge eating combined with a morbid fear of becoming fat;
- usually followed by self-induced vomiting or purging
- Emetic – an agent that causes vomiting
What is Binge Eating Disorder?
an eating disorder whose criteria are similar to those of bulimia nervosa, excluding purging or other compensatory behaviours.
What is Essential Fat? (3)
- fat that is required for normal physiological functioning
- structural components of cell membranes,
- required for the synthesis of certain hormones, transport of fat-soluble vitamins, (ADEK) etc.
What is Storage Fat?
- fat that is stored in adipose tissue for energy supply purposes. It is located underneath the skin (subcutaneous), in the abdominal cavity, and around certain organs.
Where is excess fat stored in Males?
- excess fat is deposited on
the upper torso and around the abdomen.
(apple)
Where is excess fat stored in Females?
excess fat is deposited below the waist in the thighs, hips, and buttocks
(pear)
What is Obesity?
Obesity
– BMI ≥ 30;
– Percent Body Fat ≥
20% (men); 30% (women)
What are Height - Weight Table?
What is a criticism of them?
They estimate Health Risk
- do not consider body composition
- data from 1983 white men (25-59)
- No accepted method has been devised for
determining frame size.
BMI Classification Systems
Classification for adults (20-70 years old):
– BMI less than 18.5 = underweight
– BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 = overweight
– BMI of 30 or higher = obese
