3-C Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the conducting v. respiratory portion of the respiratory system
conducting portion cleans, conditions and conducts while the repiratory portion functions as a point of gas exchange
Describe the location and function of olfactory epithelium
in the roof of the nasal cavity, chemicals in the nasal cavity stimulate cranial nerve I; odor trapped in mucus is detected by olfactory hairs, leading ot an AP in the olfactory cells
Name the 5 cell types found in the respiratory epithelium
cilliated columnar cells move mucus, goblet cells created mucus, brush cells fufill a sensory role, granule cells are endcrine cells and basal cells are stem cells
Name the two primary cell types lining the respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified columnar with cillia and goblet cells
Name three primary functions of conducting portion of the respiratory tract
cleaning it, warming it, humidifying it
Why are tracheal rings incomplete near the esophagus?
smooth muscle in this segment can constrict bronchial diameter
Describe the 3 layers of tracheal tissue
respiratory epithelium, lamina propria (seromucous glands, elastic fibers) and cartilage/smooth muscle layer
T/F primary bronchi can be distinguished form trachea in histological sections?
FALSE
Name two distinguishing characteristics of secondary intrapulmonary bronchi
irregular plates of cartilage, more porminent layer of smooth muscle
Name 3 distinguishing characteristics of bronchioles
transition to simple epithelium, no cartilage, increaesd smooth muscle and many elastic fibers
Name 6 distinguishing characteristics fo terminal bronchioles
simple ciliated cuboidal cells, no goblet cells, no seromucous glands, no cartilage and clara cells are present (secrete surfactant-like agent), smooth muscle is also present
What are clara cells
non-ciliated dome shaped stem cells in bronchioles that secrete surfactant like agent
Where does gas exchange first occur?
in respiratory bronchioles that lead into alveolar ducts
What is an atria in the respiratory system?
entrance point to multiple alveoli
Name 3 cell types found in alveoli
type I (gas exchange), type II (surfactant) alveolar macrophage (phagocytose debris)
_______ fibers are abundant in the walls between alveoli
elastic fibers
T/ F Alveoli have both resident and recruited macrophages depending on if the lung is fighting infection
TRUE
Describe the layers of the air-blood barrier
from air to capillary side: surfactant, alveolar epithelium (type I cell), fused basal laminae, endotehlium of BV
Why are elastic fibers important in emphysema
elastic fibers are ubiquitous from the trachea to the alveoli and they are important for elastic recoil. Emphysema breaks down elastic fibers so it takes as much energy to exhale as to inhale
Name 3 common lung diseases
asthma, respiratory distress syndrome (infants) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)
What is the first portion of the respiratory portion of respiratory tract?
respiratory bronchioles (or alveolar ducts)
Name the large hairs found in the nose
vibrissae
What type of epithelium line the nose (hint, its continuous with the skin of the face)
karatinized stratified squamous epithelium
What its the only part of the pharynx that is lined with respiratory epithelium
nasopharynx (the other compartments are lined by mucosal stratified squamous epithelium)
While swallowing, is the epiglottis closed or open?
closed
The vocal cords/ folds consist of what?
vocal ligaments covered by epithelium
Lamina propria of the trachea contain what structures?
seromucous glands and elastic fibers
What is the name of the muscle along the posterior wall of the trachea?
trachealis m.
As you proceed toward the lungs ______ becomes a more prominent component in the wall of the airway (up until the respiratory alveolar)
smooth muscle
What is another name for secondary bronchi?
intrapulmonary (have irregular plate of cartilage which differentiates them)
When cartilage has disappeared, you know you have reached which level of the conducting respiratory tract?
bronchiole
Terminal bronchioles are lined with ____ ____ epithelium with cilia but without goblet cells and also Clara cells
simple cuboidal epithelium
Smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles is innervated by what nerve fibers?
autonomic
Most organelles in type I alveolar cells are found where?
packed around the nucleus Bonus: type I alveolar cells are bound to each other with tight junctions
Name 5+ things found in the alveolar septum.
elastic fibers, collagen fibers, type II cells, type I and endothelia cell nuclei, fibroblasts, macrophages and occasional lymphatic vessels
