2-F Vertebral Column and Trunk Muscles Flashcards
State which bones constitute the axial and appendicular skeletons
axial: head, spine, pelvis and rib cage; appendicular skeleton
Describe lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis.
lordosis is excessive concave curvature (secondary curvature), normally in the lumbar region, kyphosis is excessive convex curvature usually in the upper thoracic region (primary curvature) and scoliosis is lateral curvature of the spine
Vertebrae are almost entirely of what type of bone?
trabecular bone Bonus: vertebral fracture are the most common osteoporosis related fractures
Identify the parts of a typical vertebra
Netter 151, 152; spinous process, lamina, pedicle, neural arch, transverse process, body, superior and inferior articular processes, vertebral foramen, inferior vertebral notch, superior vertebral notch
Name defining characteristics of cervical vertebrae
down sloing facet joints, transvers foramen, bifid spinous process
Which is the yes joint and which is the no joint?
atlanto-occipital joint (yes joint) atlanto-axial joint (no joint)
Name defining characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
vertical facing facet joints, inferiorly pointing spinous process (giraffe)
Name defining characteristics of lumbar vertebrae
“wrapped” facet joints, large body, large spinous process (moose)
Demonstrate possible movements of the intervertebral joints in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions
cervical (flexion/extension, lateral flexion and rotation) thoracic (mostly rotationa and some lateral flexion) lumbar (mostly flexion/extension)
Describe the position and action of the anterior longitutdinal ligament, posteror longitudinal ligament and the ligamenta flava.
ALL is anterior to the vertebral bodies (prevents hyperextension), PLL is posterior to the vertebral bodies (prevents hyperflexion), and the ligamenta flava runs between vertebral bodies
What are the two different parts of the intervertebral discs and how are they different?
nucleus pulposus (proteoglycan rich gel and remant of the notochord) anulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage) discsare deformable and meant as shock absorbers
What nerve is damaged in disc herniation in relation to position of the spinal nerves?
the affected spinal nerve is same as the 2nd disc in the IV disc name
What is the weakest part of the intervertebral disc?
lateroposterior
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of splenius capitis
spinous process > tranverse process (V shape): extension of the neck, lateral bending at the neck and rotation to same side; dorsal rami
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of erector spinae
generally the illiac crest > ribsa nd transvers processes: extension of the trunk and lateral bending of the trunk ; dorsal rami
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of semispinalis captitis
transverse process > spinus process (^ shape): extension of the trunk, rotation to the opposite side (dorsal rami)
Name the structure that does not allow back muscles to expand, causing back pain?
thoracolumbar fascia
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of the intercostal muscles.
run beween ribs, stabilize the intercostal spaces, the neurovascular bundle runs between internal and innermost layers; innervation comes from the intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
Name the 3 types of intercostal muscles and their orientation.
external (hands in pocket) internal (perpendicular to hands in pocket) innermost (X pattern between ribs)
The intercostal arteries anastamose between what anterior and posterior vessels
aorta posteriorly and internal thoracic anteriorly
Where does the neurovascular bundle run?
(VAN) runs at the lower inferior edge of each rib; Bonus: smaller collateral branches run in NAV configuration just above ribs
Name the general attachment, insertion and action of the external oblique muscle
ribs > aponeurosis (hands in pocket): flextion of the trunk, compression of abdomen, laterla bending of the trunk and rotation to the opposite side
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of internal oblique msucles
aponeurosis > plevis: flexion of the trunk, compression; lateral bending of the trunk, and rotaion to the same side
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of the transversus abdominis
aponeurosis > rib cage, spine and pelvis in a transverse direction: compression
Name the general attachment, innervation and action of the rectus abdominis
pelvis > rib cage : flexion of the trunk
What is the rectus sheath
aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and tranversus abdominis
How do abdominal muscles run around the rectus abdominis (below and above the arcuate line)?
above the arcuate line the internal oblique sandwiches the rectus abdominis and below, all muscles run superior to the recutus abdominis
Where does the neurovascular bundle of the anterior abdominal wall run?
the neurovascular bundle runs between internal oblique and tranverse abdominis
The most common form of scoliosis is …
right thoracic/ left lumbar
Ligamentum flavum links what?
laminae of adjacent vertebrae along the posterior wall of the vertebral canal
Supra and interspinous ligaments attach spinous process to what?
adjacent vertebrae
The thicker the disc, the _____ the movement
greater
The annulus fibrosis is thinner at which side (anterior/posterior)
posteriorly
The most common site for disc herniation are:
L4-5 or the L5-S1 discs because they bear more weight
Muscles of the superficial group rotate the vertebral column to the ______ side, whereas the deep group rotate to the ______ side
same side, opposite side respectively
The most superficial of the intrinsic back muscles passes obliquely from medial to lateral passing superiorly from its origin to insertion (V shape) is called
splenius capitis m.
The deepest intrinsic back muscle passes lateral to medial passing superiorly from origin to insertion is called (A shaped)
tranversospinae m.
Intercostal muscles prevent the intercostal space from ?
enlarging
Describe the fibers of the intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerve is motor to the intercostal muscles, sensory to the overlying skin and sensory to the parietal pleura lining the inside of the ribs
The intercostal nerves have what types of fibers?
motor to the intercostal muscles, sensory to the overlying skin and sensory to the parietal pleural lining inside the ribs
midline, paramedian, and gridiron approaches
midline (down linea alba) paramedian (cut anterior rectus sheath and split rectus abdominis) gridiron (split fibers in direction they normally follow)
rectus sheath is made of what?
sleeve of connective tissue surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle
