2-D Neurulation and Somite Development

Question 1

What are the major events of neurulation

Answer 1

the notochord causes the epiblast to thicken and the neural plates fold

Question 2

The process of neurulation dervies what adult structures?

Answer 2

the developing neural tube will ultimately form the neurons fo the central nervous system while the neural crest cells will develop into the PNS

Question 3

Cell located a the crest of the neural folds will form the:

Answer 3

neural crest cells

Question 4

Nerual folds come together together at the midline and gradually fuse resulting in a

Answer 4

neural tube

Question 5

Open ends of the nerual tube are called

Answer 5

neuropores

Question 6

Cranial expansion of the neural tube becomes

Answer 6

the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon

Question 7

What is the adult fate of neural crest cells?

Answer 7

neural crest cells segment and migrate extensively forming neurons in both sensory and motor ganglia, melanoblasts, adrenal medulla, pia mater, arachnoic and cephalic an brachial arch structures

Question 8

Depending on how far neural crest cells migrate, what do they become?

Answer 8

1. Epithelial cells of the neural tube divide and migrate out of the CNS to become neuroglia (satellite cells in ganglia and schwann cells that protect small axons), 2. Migrate a short distance: dorsal root sensory ganglion, 3. Further: sympathetic neurons either as chain ganglion or pre-aortic ganglion, 4. Farthest ventrally: enter the wall of the gut to form neurons of the parasympathetic terminal ganglia

Question 9

What is the alar plate?

Answer 9

the dorsal part lateral to the the neural tube include dorsal neuroblasts the form interneurons for sensory signalling

Question 10

What is the basal plate?

Answer 10

the neural tube cells that migrate lateral to the ventral part of the neural tube form motor neurons

Question 11

Name cell bodies that are devied form the neural tube

Answer 11

viscero and somatomotor

Question 12

Name cells that are nerual crest-derived

Answer 12

DRG, chain ganglia

Question 13

How does neuralation affect eh overall form of the body?

Answer 13

changes it form a two dimensional disc to 3-D tube with obvious cranial/caudal and dorsal/ventral axes

Question 14

Mesoderm laterla to the notochord and neural tube condenses to form what three tissues?

Answer 14

paraxial, intermediate and lateral

Question 15

What do the paraxial, intermediate and lateral plates give rise to?

Answer 15

paraxial makes up the somite giving rise to muscle, bone and dermis; intermediate gives rise to organs of urogenital system; lateral palte gives rise to the body cavities

Question 16

Somites have 3 morphologically and developmentally distinct portions called:

Answer 16

sclerotome, mytome and dermatome

Question 17

Describe how the sclerotomes develop.

Answer 17

sclerome migrates ventromedially to form the vertebral body and paired processes that grow dorsally from the body, later dorals migration forms aroudn the notocord forming the vertebra and the annulus fibrosis; some continue onto be come ribs. The notocord incorporates into the vertebral colum by serving as the nucleus pulposus

Question 18

What part of the vertebral column is not part of the ectoderm

Answer 18

intervertebral discs, the nucleus pulposus

Question 19

Describe the development of the myotome

Answer 19

forms almost all the skeletal msucle, with the epimere forming paravertebral, extensor muscles and the ventral hypomere forms the body wall and limb mucles

Question 20

What innervates the hypo and epimere respectively?

Answer 20

the ventral and dorsal rami respectively

Question 21

Describe the development of the dermatome

Answer 21

dermatome spread out under the ectoderm to form the dermis and subcutaneous tissue in an organized and semental way

Question 22

Define dermatome

Answer 22

an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve (alt. the portion of the somite that forms the dermis

Question 23

Name the cranial enlargements in the neural tube

Answer 23

prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

Question 24

In the trunk neural crest cells form the dorsal root ganglion, in the head they form…

Answer 24

four pairs of sensory ganglia known as the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia

Question 25

Mammary glands, retina , lens, outer tympanic membrane and sensory of epithelia of the olfactory and auditory are from what embryonic tissue?

Answer 25

ectoderm

Question 26

Embryonic tissue that forms the epithelium of the auditory tube and middle ear cavity as well as the hymns and epithelium of the bladder

Answer 26

endoderm

Question 27

What is the name of the tissue that precedes the celomic sacs?

Answer 27

lateral plate

Question 28

What becomes of the intermediate mesoderm

Answer 28

kidney and gonads

Question 29

What structure becomes skeletal muscle

Answer 29

epimere and hypo mere from the myotome somite (paraxial mesoderm)

Question 30

What tissue does the epithelium of lung and urinary systems develop from?

Answer 30

grow of the gut tube (endoderm)