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SFM Exam 1 > 3: Blood Histology > Flashcards

3: Blood Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Three formed elements in blood

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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2
Q

Where are all formed elements made?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Hematocrit

A

Sample of blood + chemicals -> centrifuged into layers

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4
Q

Percentages present in hematocrit

A

Plasma: 55%
RBCs: 39-50% in males, 35-45% in females
Buffy coat: 1%

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5
Q

PCV

A

Packed cell volume; volume of RBCs in a blood sample

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6
Q

What percent water is plasma?

A

> 90%

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7
Q

Serum

A

ECF component of blood without clotting factors

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8
Q

Where are all plasma proteins formed?

A

Liver

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9
Q

Three plasma protein types

A

Globulins, albumin, fibrinogen

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10
Q

A-globulin and B-globulin functions

A

Maintain osmotic pressure in vascular walls + serve as carrier proteins

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11
Q

Three types of a- and B-globulins

A

Fibronectin, lipoproteins, coagulation factors

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12
Q

What is the main protein constituent of plasma?

A

Albumin

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13
Q

Albumin main function

A

Source of major colloid osmotic pressure

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14
Q

What three examples can albumin act as a carrier protein for?

A

Thyroxine, bilirubin, barbiturates

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15
Q

What is the largest plasma protein?

A

Fibrinogen

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16
Q

Steps in fibrin formation

A

Fibrinogen chain -> fibrin monomers -> long fibrin fibers -> become cross-linked -> form an impermeable net preventing blood loss

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17
Q

RBC lifespan

A

120 days

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18
Q

What is the histology ruler

A

RBCs

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19
Q

Spectrin

A

Dimeric, springy protein in RBC membranes that forms a cytoskeleton meshwork

20
Q

Five notable things spectrin binds to

A
  1. Ankyrin
  2. Actin
  3. Band 4.2
  4. Band 3
  5. Protein 4.1
21
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature erythrocytes; are anucleate but still have other organelles

22
Q

How soon do reticulocytes become RBCs?

A

Within 48hrs of entering bloodstream

23
Q

Reticulocytosis

A

Increased reticulocytes due to recent loss in RBCs

24
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Defect in RBC cell membrane, with 50% of mutations due to ANK1

25
Q

How to note hereditary spherocytosis on a blood smear

A

RBCs are dark, small, and lack central pallor

26
Q

What is mutated in sickle cell anemia?

A

A single point mutation of B-globulin chain of HbA

27
Q

How can jaundice be caused by hemolytic anemia?

A

Release of bilirubin when RBCs burst

28
Q

Varying amounts of leukocytes in blood: most to least

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
29
Q

Marginal pool

A

Portion of cells adhering to blood vessel walls

30
Q

What is pus made of?

A

Neutrophils + their debris

31
Q

Neutrophil functions

A

Secrete enzymes, ingest damaged tissues, kill microbes, bind foreign organisms

32
Q

Left shift

A

When neutrophil demand increases, band cells are released into circulation

33
Q

Band cells

A

Immature neutrophils

34
Q

Lymphocyte function

A

Main functional cell of immune system -> differentiate into T cells, B cells, and NK cells

35
Q

What is the largest WBC?

A

Monocytes

36
Q

Monocyte nucleus

A

Indented/heart-shaped with small, azurophilic granules

37
Q

Eosinophil granule contents and function

A

Histaminases -> moderate effects of inflammatory vasoactive mediators

38
Q

When do eosinophils increase in number

A

During allergies or parasitic infection

39
Q

Functions of basophils

A
  1. Release vasoactive agents (heparin, histamine)
  2. Supplement mast cell fx
  3. Vascular disturbances in allergies and anaphylaxis
40
Q

What cells form thrombocytes?

A

Megakaryocytes

41
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

Large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow

42
Q

Life span of thrombocytes

A

10 days

43
Q

Functions of thrombocytes

A
  1. Bind/coat/plug damaged vessel walls

2. Granules release platelet-specific proteins for blood clotting and hemostasis

44
Q

Which cell type circulates in the blood for the shortest time?

A

T cells

45
Q

Which cell type has a receptor for IgE?

A

Basophils

46
Q

Which blood cell type exhibits diurnal variation?

A

Eosinophils

SFM Exam 1 (17 decks)

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