2: Ketone Bodies

Question 1

When are ketone bodies formed?

Answer 1

In fasting/starvation, when glucose metabolism is impaired

Question 2

Two properties of ketone bodies

Answer 2

Water soluble, acidic

Question 3

Three ketone bodies

Answer 3

1. Acetoacetate
2. B-hydroxybutyrate
3. Acetone

Question 4

Where are ketone bodies formed? Organ and part of cell

Answer 4

Liver only, in mito matrix

Question 5

Two functions of ketone bodies

Answer 5

1. Energy for tissues during fasting

2. For brain during starvation

Question 6

Six steps in fuel supplies during fasting and starvation

Answer 6

1. First few hours: blood glucose and glycogen
2. Next: Gluconeogenesis
3. After 1 day: TAGs
4. After 3 days: ketone bodies, TAGs, glycogenic AAs
5. After 1-2 weeks: brain starts mainly using ketone bodies
6. After 2-3 months: proteins

Question 7

Physiological vs pathological ketosis

Answer 7

Physiological: mild increase in ketone bodies

Pathological ketosis: unhealthy amount of ketosis