3 and 4

Question 1

Remote sensing in Archeology

Answer 1

remote sensing uses satellite and ariel images to record the location of archeological sites in relation to the surrounding terrain(photos)(resolution)

Question 2

Subsurface mapping

Answer 2

It involves the use of ground geophysical survey techniques that map out archeological sites without excavation

Question 3

resolution

Answer 3

It is the size of the pixel

Question 4

Analog images

Answer 4

These are represented by a continuous variable of physical photographic film -
the human optical systems are analog systems

Question 5

Digital Image

Answer 5

Digital image is a representation of a real images as a set of numbers that can be handled by a digital cameras

Question 6

Remote sensing sources

Answer 6

-airplane/drone(show outline of buildings)(not good in jungle)
-Satellites
(both analogue techniques)

Question 7

Crop Marks

Answer 7

Are mark in the crop that can tell us where artifacts or previous human activity was. Where there are pit grass grows better and where their is stone there is bad crop growth. The grass grows better in pit because of better soil turnover

Question 8

Visible Light detectors

Answer 8

Visible Light detectors employ optical systems that record other parts of electromagnetic spectrum(ems)
-Ultraviolet (LIDAR)
-Near infrared(NR)
-Radar waves

Question 9

LIDAR

Answer 9

Light Detection and Ranging uses 3D lasers scanning from the gorund site, drone, or airplane to produce maps(Ca see taris)

Question 10

Satilites

Answer 10

They record about the earths surface in other photographic form or in digital form
-1995, Clinton declassified CORONA Satellites photos from the cold world
-Landsat altitude:705km
-Area perimeter:185kmx170km

Question 11

Infrared Images

Answer 11

Infrared Images shows street plans of an ancient city of Taris, Capital of Egypt that was lost 1073-664BC
(it is temperature dependent and mud brick have certain internal temp.)

Question 12

Multispectral digital sensor

Answer 12

This records the intensity of reflected energy fromt he earths surface and is electronically converted this data to make mapps

Question 13

Landsat

Answer 13

It is a satailties systems used to discover the lost city of Ubar that disappeared in 300AD

Question 14

What are satellites images also good for

Answer 14

They are good for crowdsourcing to find new site and they also monitor old site to see if looting pit occurred after the arab spring

Question 15

Thermal images

Answer 15

Thermal image track heat in a partiuclasr area to find artifacts but moistures and disturbance make a difference

Question 16

Areil Technolgy

Answer 16

-Dont work with LIDAR alot

Question 17

With remote sensing with use mutiple

Answer 17

With remote sensing with use mutipln methods at the same
-time of day
-time of the year
-lightning conditions
-weather conditions
-different spectral bands

Question 18

Subsurface Mapping helps to trakc what

Answer 18

-physical properties of the soil
-temp.
-magnetism of the soil
=moisture
-vegetation
-chemical makeup/compostiion
-

Question 19

Two type of geophysicla methos

Answer 19

-Active: Artifically generating a signals that are translated into the ground

-Passive: Measure natural properties of the earth

Question 20

4 subsurface mapping techniques

Answer 20

-Sonar
-Ground penetrating radar
-Electrical resistivity
-Magnetic field ground survey*Magnetometry)

Question 21

sonar

Answer 21

It is an active techniques
-An acoustical techniques that bounces sound waves off the distant object and maps the resulting sound that are reflected

Question 22

Ground Penetrating Radar

Answer 22

It is an active techniques(less time/money)

-Energy passes through the soil and measure the resulting response

-radar pluses are sent out and their retire speed and the type of distortion they undergo are measured and used to model undergrounds feature
-Also gets depth
-Upper triangle are wall on this

Question 23

Remote sensing

Answer 23

Remote sensing in archaeology involves the use of satellite and aerial imaging to record the location of
archaeological sites in relation to surrounding terrain

Question 24

Subsurface mapping

Answer 24

Subsurface mapping in archaeology involves the use of on-the-ground geophysical survey techniques to map
out archaeological remains without excavation

involves the use of
geophysical techniques for mapping possible archaeological
remains without excavation

physical property of the soil or earth (e.g.,
magnetism, temperature, moisture, vegetation, chemical
concentrations) can be used to look for archaeological remains.

Question 25

Two types of geophysical methods

Answer 25

Active: artificially generates signals that are transmitted
into the ground

Passive: measures natural properties of the earth

Question 26

subsurface mapping techniques for
archaeology are:

Answer 26

(1) sonar (underwater)
(2) ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
(3) electrical resistivity
(4) magnetic field gradient survey (“magnetometry”)

Question 27

sonar

Answer 27

Sonar is an acoustical technique that
bounces sound waves off of distant
objects and maps the resulting sounds
that are reflected.

Question 28

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)

Answer 28

• an active technique
• passes energy through the soil and measures the resulting response
• Radar pulses are sent out and their return speed and the type of distortion
  they undergo are measured and used to
  model underground features

Question 29

Electrical resistivity

Answer 29

Electrical resistivity is an active technique which maps subsurface
features by measuring the amount of resistance in the soil to
electrical conductivity.

(a) shows the flow lines
of electrical current in
homogeneous soil

(b) shows the flow lines
of electrical current in
two-layer soil with the
lower layer being more
resistive

Question 30

Magnetic field gradiometry

Answer 30

• a passive technique
• measures very small
  fluctuations in the earth’s
  magnetic field caused by
  underlying archaeological
  features and soil with
  enhanced magnetic
  properties

Question 31

transect

Question 32

transect interval

Answer 32

How quickly it takes to get a reading
quicker=less data
slower=more data
-How closer togther is based on what your looking for

Question 33

Resolution

Answer 33

Resolution refers to the size of each pixel.

Question 34

Shallow subsurface geophysical techniques allow archaeologists to:

Answer 34

1. Map large areas of a known site quickly and relatively inexpensively.
2. Use multiple techniques to recover information from a site. The
   applicability of different techniques depends very much on the nature of
   the site (e.g., type of building material used) and the underlying geology.
3. Determine approximate depth underground.
4. Map a wide variety of features (e.g., walls, pits, hearths)

Question 35

Shallow subsurface geophysical techniques are not useful for

Answer 35

Finding individual artifacts (except some metals).
2. Determining the age of a site.
3. Understanding complex stratigraphy or finding deeply-buried features