3

Question 1

IDD

Answer 1

Parus major wytham woods

Pemphigus aphids

Question 2

Territory defence predictions and animal

Answer 2

Economic - golden winged sunbird save 780 cal
Richer are smaller - side blotched lizard
Richer more benefits -side blotched lizard

Question 3

Side blotched lizards

Answer 3

UTA STANSBURIANA

Question 4

Why rocks valuable

Answer 4

Termoregulation

Question 5

Animal movement types main 3

Answer 5

Station keeping
Migration
Ranging /dispersal

Question 6

Dispersal example

Answer 6

Beldings ground squirrel

25 days new range

Question 7

Cost of dispersal / migration 4

Answer 7

Energetic development costs
Energetic travel costs
Uncertainty of resources in enviro
Increased chance of predation in unfamiliar enviro

Question 8

Benefits f migration/ dispersal 3

Answer 8

Avoid inbreeding by natal dispersal
Allows bet hedging (dif enviro increases variance in fitness and did selection pressures)
Decrease resources comp (less resource depletion and crowding)

Question 9

Dispersion and species / sex?

Answer 9

Males disperse in most mammals
Females disperse more in birds and some mammals
Some birds both and some mammals both but birds less

Question 10

Migration characteristics 6

Answer 10

1) initial suppression of stimuli that stop movement then deactivation once arrived
2) departure and arrival activity patterns
3) pre emotive response to harsh enviro
4) specific actions of energy to facilitate movement
5) more straightenedoutmovement
6) long term persistence then evidence for station keeping / ranging

Question 11

Migration triggers

Answer 11

Water temp him back whale
Photoperiod garden warbler
Food and crowding - gregarized locust forms

Question 12

Period of migratory restlessness in warblers

Answer 12

Zugenruhe

Question 13

Basic patterns

7

Answer 13

To and fro - Arctic fern
Stop over -wilderbeast 
AUtumn -post breeding
Winter - feeding grounds 
Spring - return route 
One way without circuitry DYSDERCUS
Multigenerational with circuitry - monarch butterfly

Question 14

Aided migration

Answer 14

Is e if can’t move on own attachment / phoresy - Arthropods

Ballooning ng / kiting where spiders move through air releasing gossamer threads to catch the wind and affected by air currents

Question 15

4 strats

Answer 15

Guiding - for young flock
Pilotage - landmarks
True navigation- find destination through unfamiliar terrain using a cognitive map
Directional orientation- ability to move in set geo direction

Question 16

Displacement experiment

Answer 16

White crowned sparrow
Mothers true migration
Young orientation

Question 17

Directional cues for navigation 5

Answer 17

Polarised light 
Sun compass 
Moon stars 
Magnetism 
Olfactory

Question 18

Monarch butterfly experiment

Answer 18

If captured Spring wanted to go N but release caused SE as light off

Remove antenna did directions
Use magnetism for s Autumn fight in antenna

To trigger n flight need cold over wintering temp

Question 19

Star navigation

Answer 19

Indigo bunting 
Planetarium experiments 
South in Autumn 
N in spring 
N star moved caused shift 
Used season appropriate sky

Question 20

Magnetism

Answer 20

Bobolink and fish is salmon

S in winter
Prussian blue stained den strutted in beak of bird species

Question 21

Migration variation

Answer 21

Not always obligatory
Black Carps
Variation has genetic basis

Question 22

Selection should lead to what wrt migration

Answer 22

Reduction in migration costs
V formation less wing beats great white pelican
Alabama using less fat reserves to fly w first not S

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

Some sedentary to migratory ie moticillidae from tropics

But some have migrated to tropics from temperate and stayed ie wood warblers

Question 24

IFD

Answer 24

Fret well and Lucas 1972
Sticklebacks
Same repor success

All info
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