3 Flashcards
IDD
Parus major wytham woods
Pemphigus aphids
Territory defence predictions and animal
Economic - golden winged sunbird save 780 cal
Richer are smaller - side blotched lizard
Richer more benefits -side blotched lizard
Side blotched lizards
UTA STANSBURIANA
Why rocks valuable
Termoregulation
Animal movement types main 3
Station keeping
Migration
Ranging /dispersal
Dispersal example
Beldings ground squirrel
25 days new range
Cost of dispersal / migration 4
Energetic development costs
Energetic travel costs
Uncertainty of resources in enviro
Increased chance of predation in unfamiliar enviro
Benefits f migration/ dispersal 3
Avoid inbreeding by natal dispersal
Allows bet hedging (dif enviro increases variance in fitness and did selection pressures)
Decrease resources comp (less resource depletion and crowding)
Dispersion and species / sex?
Males disperse in most mammals
Females disperse more in birds and some mammals
Some birds both and some mammals both but birds less
Migration characteristics 6
1) initial suppression of stimuli that stop movement then deactivation once arrived
2) departure and arrival activity patterns
3) pre emotive response to harsh enviro
4) specific actions of energy to facilitate movement
5) more straightenedoutmovement
6) long term persistence then evidence for station keeping / ranging
Migration triggers
Water temp him back whale
Photoperiod garden warbler
Food and crowding - gregarized locust forms
Period of migratory restlessness in warblers
Zugenruhe
Basic patterns
7
To and fro - Arctic fern Stop over -wilderbeast AUtumn -post breeding Winter - feeding grounds Spring - return route One way without circuitry DYSDERCUS Multigenerational with circuitry - monarch butterfly
Aided migration
Is e if can’t move on own attachment / phoresy - Arthropods
Ballooning ng / kiting where spiders move through air releasing gossamer threads to catch the wind and affected by air currents
4 strats
Guiding - for young flock
Pilotage - landmarks
True navigation- find destination through unfamiliar terrain using a cognitive map
Directional orientation- ability to move in set geo direction
Displacement experiment
White crowned sparrow
Mothers true migration
Young orientation
Directional cues for navigation 5
Polarised light Sun compass Moon stars Magnetism Olfactory
Monarch butterfly experiment
If captured Spring wanted to go N but release caused SE as light off
Remove antenna did directions
Use magnetism for s Autumn fight in antenna
To trigger n flight need cold over wintering temp
Star navigation
Indigo bunting Planetarium experiments South in Autumn N in spring N star moved caused shift Used season appropriate sky
Magnetism
Bobolink and fish is salmon
S in winter
Prussian blue stained den strutted in beak of bird species
Migration variation
Not always obligatory
Black Carps
Variation has genetic basis
Selection should lead to what wrt migration
Reduction in migration costs
V formation less wing beats great white pelican
Alabama using less fat reserves to fly w first not S
Evolution
Some sedentary to migratory ie moticillidae from tropics
But some have migrated to tropics from temperate and stayed ie wood warblers
IFD
Fret well and Lucas 1972
Sticklebacks
Same repor success
All info
Free to move around
