3-3 BIO-1010 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the function of each of these structures in the male reproductive system? Testes
Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
Seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules are where sperm are produced within the testes.
Epididymis
Epididymis stores sperm until they mature and are ready for ejaculation.
Vas deferens
Vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra for ejaculation.
Accessory glands
Accessory glands (such as seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands) produce seminal fluid to nourish and protect sperm.
Urethra
Urethra carries urine and semen out of the body through the penis.
Penis
Penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract during intercourse.
What is the function of each of these structures in the female reproductive system? Ovary
Ovaries produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian follicle
Ovarian follicle contains and nurtures the developing egg in the ovary.
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum releases hormones (mainly progesterone) to support early pregnancy if fertilization occurs.
Oviduct (fallopian tube)
Oviduct is where the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus and where fertilization typically occurs.
Uterus
Uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
Vagina
Vagina serves as the birth canal and receives the penis during intercourse.
What does each of these hormones do in the male reproductive system? FSH
FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
LH
LH stimulates testosterone production in the testes.
Testosterone
Testosterone is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production.
What does each of these hormones do in the female reproductive system? FSH
FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovaries.
LH
LH triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum.
Estrogen
Estrogen helps develop the female secondary sexual characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone
Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports early pregnancy.
What does “ovulation” mean, and where does it occur?
Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, typically occurring midway through the menstrual cycle.
What is the endometrium, and why is it important in the uterine cycle?
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that thickens to support a potential pregnancy.
What is HCG, and what does it tell us?
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone produced during pregnancy; it indicates that implantation has occurred.
What are the pros and cons of using each of these as a method of contraception? Male condom
Pros: Easy availability, STD prevention; Cons: Possible breakage.
Vasectomy
Pros: Permanent and highly effective; Cons: Often irreversible.
Combination pill
Pros: High effectiveness, menstrual regulation; Cons: Daily use, hormonal side effects.
IUD
Pros: Long-term effectiveness, low maintenance; Cons: Potential discomfort, initial cost.
How do each of these forms of contraception work? Male condom
Provides a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
Vasectomy
Involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens, blocking sperm from entering the semen.
Combination pill
Prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm.
IUD
Prevents fertilization by creating an inhospitable environment in the uterus.
On average, how often does a pregnancy occur when these forms of contraception are used? Male condom
Approximately 13% with typical use.
Vasectomy
Less than 1% chance.
Combination pill
About 7% with typical use.
IUD
Less than 1% chance.
Name three common sexually transmitted diseases treatable with antibiotics.
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis.
What is the best approach to preventing cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)?
Vaccination with the HPV vaccine.
