2-3 BIO-1010 Study Guide

Question 1

An _____________________ is a protein that makes a biochemical reaction happen much faster in a cell.

Answer 1

enzyme

Question 2

A ______________________ is a protein (or a steroid lipid) that acts as a chemical messenger in living organisms. It transmits a message from one part of the body to another.

Answer 2

hormone

Question 3

The monomer that is used to build proteins is called an _______________________; the general term for a protein polymer is a _________________________.

Answer 3

amino acid; polypeptide

Question 4

The proper functioning of a protein is very much dependent on its _____________________. If you change pretty much anything about a protein’s _____________________, you will change its function.

Answer 4

structure; structure

Question 5

There are eight essential amino acids for humans. Why are they are called “essential”?

Answer 5

They cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 6

The maximum number of _______________________ that we should consume per day depends on our age, gender, height, weight, activity level, and whether we wish to lose, gain, or maintain weight.

Answer 6

calories

Question 7

By definition, someone is obese if their body mass index (BMI) is ____________.

Answer 7

30 or higher

Question 8

Body mass index can be calculated using our _________________ and our ________________.

Answer 8

weight; height

Question 9

The general term for the monomer in nucleic acids is a ___________________________, and the general term for the polymer in nucleic acids is a ________________________________.

Answer 9

nucleotide; polynucleotide

Question 10

Each nucleotide has three parts: _____________________, __________________________, and ______________________________.

Answer 10

a sugar; a phosphate group; a nitrogenous base

Question 11

The four nitrogen bases found in DNA are ______, _____, _____, and _____. (Letters are ok.)

Answer 11

A; T; C; G

Question 12

The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are ______, _____, _____, and _____. (Letters are ok.)

Answer 12

A; U; C; G

Question 13

In the DNA “spiral staircase”, the steps are formed by pairs of nucleotides. _____ always pairs with _____, and _____ always pairs with _____.

Answer 13

A; T; C; G

Question 14

Almost all of a cell’s DNA is found in the central nucleus, on pairs of threadlike structures called _________________________________. A _______________ is a section of one of these threadlike structures that has the instructions for making one protein (sort of).

Answer 14

chromosomes; gene