3

Question 1

why do most biologist consider viruses as non living

Answer 1

bacteria are able to reproduce independently, whereas viruses are not.

bacteria have metabolic processes, whereas viruses do not

bacteria are composed of cells, whereas viruses are not

Question 2

vwhat is something that both bacteria and viruses do

Answer 2

vevolve

Question 3

how does the cristae increase the surface area of the membrane

Answer 3

because of its squiggly shape

Question 4

equation for aerobic celluar respiration

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 5

vwhere are mitochondria found

Answer 5

only in eukaryotes, prokaryotes dont haveso instead they produce ATP on the surface ofthe cell membrane

Question 6

va circular chromosome and many small plasmids.

Answer 6

vcelluar respiration happens in the cristae and the greater the surface area, the more celluar respiration that can take place

Question 6

The genetic material of prokaryotic cells is contained in

Answer 6

a circular chromosome and many small plasmids.

Question 7

The molecule that is lipid-based and regulates fluidity of the membrane is

Answer 7

cholestrol

Question 8

what is chromatin

Answer 8

mixture of DNA and protein that forms chromosomes

Question 9

what are chromosones

Answer 9

made of proteins and a single strand of DNA that carries the genetic material from one cell to another

Question 10

difference between channel and carrier proteins

Answer 10

they are the same except carrier proteins close one side of the protein when a substance enters and the opposite side opens

Question 11

What is electron transportation

Answer 11

a process part of cellular respiration that produces ATP

Question 12

what do carbohydrates do

Answer 12

can help in sending signals and sticking cells together eg. involved in phospholipids sticking onto eachother

Question 13

what can carbohydrates attach to

Answer 13

proteins and lipids

Question 14

what is the purpose of the control variable

Answer 14

tocreate a baseline where results can be compared

Question 15

what is a plant cell composed of

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

What are the 3 functions of the cell membrane

Answer 16

vA
Gie the cell shape and structure
Confine internal contents into one place
Allows substances to enter in and out in a regulated manner

Question 17

Why is the plasma membrane referred to as semi-permeable.

Answer 17

Small polar substances cannot enter the cell as it repels against the hydrophobic tails and therefore require carrier or channel proteins such as water

Large non polar and polar substances cannot enter the cell as they are too big and therefore require channel or carrier proteins such as glucose

Small non polar substances can pass through the membrane as they are tiny and do not repel the hydrophobic tails

Ions are charged and therefore cannot enter the plasma membrane

Question 17

function of phospholipid

Answer 17

vhave a role in regulating transport across membranes, and are the structure in which proteins and carbohydrates are embedded

Question 18

why does the plasma membrane contain receptors

Answer 18

for cell recognition and to recieve signals from other cells

Question 19

why are proteins embedded in the bilayer

Answer 19

Transport of molecules such as protein channel or carriers

Communication: allows cells to receive signals

Question 20

what extends outside the cell and what do they do

Answer 20

glycolipids are chains attached to lipids, whilst glycoproteins are chain attached to proteins

these proteins
assist in self recognition to avoid attack from the immune cell and are involved in cell communication

Question 21

what is and what does chloestrol do

Answer 21

A lipid steroid which regulates fluidity of the plasma membrane

when the temperaure increases cholestrol keeps the plasma membrane intact and prveents it from falling apart whereas when the termpature decreases it prvents phoshoplipids from jjoining too close together to allow for the exchange of substancees

Question 22

The plasma membrane allows certain substances in and out of the cell based on

Answer 22

size, charge and concentration graident

Question 23

explain the factors the effect diffusiion

Answer 23

Concentration gradient.

The diffusion distance.

Surface area.

Physical barriers.

Question 24

passive transport

Answer 24

passive net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration.

Question 25

Isotonic solution

Answer 25

Isotonic solution

Question 26

Hypotonic solutio

Answer 26

lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

Question 27

complete the need more practice with deck on aos 1 flashcards

Question 28

Osmtoitc pressure

Answer 28

the pressure that pulls fluid into the glomeular capillary from the bowman’s capsule (due to the presence of proteins inthe capillary)

Question 29

Bowman’s capsule function

Answer 29

Bowman’s capsule function

Question 30

glomerulus

Answer 30

where the intital filtration of blood occurs and where blood is pumped to kidneys

Question 31

what organ produces pepsin, what nutrients are digestd, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

Answer 31

gastric glands in the stomach

protein

stomach

peptides

1.5(acidic)

Question 32

what organ produces amylase, what does amylase digest, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optium PH

Answer 32

salivary glands

starch

mouth

maltose

7(neutral)

Question 33

What organ produces bile salts, what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

Answer 33

bile salts are produced in the liver

Fats are digested

Occurs in small intestine

product is fat droplets

optimal ph is alkaline

Question 34

What organ produces trypsin what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

Answer 34

PANCREAS

proteins

small intestine

amino acids

Alkaline

Question 35

Lipase

Answer 35

Pancreas

fat droplets

small intestine

fatty acids and glycerol

Alkaline

Question 36

organs compose dof the excerotory system

Answer 36

liver
kidney
lungs
bladder
skin

Question 37

process of the excreootry systme

Answer 37

excess amino acids are transported to the liverWHERE deamination occurs to create ammonia(NH3)

ammonia is broken down into urea

urea is transported into the kidneys where it is mixed with water and solutes to form and be excerted out as urine.

Question 38

NH3 what is and what happens to it

Answer 38

is ammonia which is toxic hterefore it is broken down into urea to be released from the body through deamination