2Y: Separating Mixtures

Question 1

What is filtration?

Answer 1

• Filtration is a method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid using a material that allows the liquid to pass through but not the solid.

Question 2

Name 3 examples of real-life filtration?

Answer 2

1. A coffee filter is a piece of paper that separates the coffee solution from the coffee grounds.
2. Surgical masks used by surgeons in the operating theatre let the air through but trap the germs.
3. Filtration is used in a colander when separating vegetables cooked in water from the water.

Question 3

What is residue?

Answer 3

• The solid remaining on the filter paper is called the residue. The word residue means ‘what is left behind’.

Question 4

What is the filtrate?

Answer 4

• The filtrate is the liquid that has been filtered, that is, the liquid that has passed
  through the filter paper.

Question 5

What is distillation?

Answer 5

• Distillation is the vaporising of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapour by cooling it.

Question 6

What is the distillate?

Answer 6

• The distillateis the purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapour during distillation, that is, the product of distillation.

Question 7

What is paper chromatography?

Answer 7

• Paper chromatography is a method of separating mixtures of substances in solution.
• The solvent in which the substances are dissolved is passed along a length of paper and the dissolved substances separate out on the paper.

Question 8

What is chromatogram?

Answer 8

• A chromatogram is the strip of paper on which the parts of a mixture have been separated by chromatography.

Question 9

What is Evaporation?

Answer 9

• Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid, for example salt from water, when the liquid is not required.