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Science > 2Y: Energy > Flashcards

2Y: Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do work.

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2
Q

Name the 8 forms of energy?

A
  1. Potential energy
  2. Kinetic energy
  3. Chemical energy
  4. Light energy
  5. Heat energy
  6. Electrical energy
  7. Sound energy
  8. Nuclear energy
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3
Q

What is Potential energy?

A

This is the energy that an object has due to its position or shape.

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4
Q

What is Kinetic energy?

A

This is the energy of an object that is in motion.

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5
Q

What is Chemical energy?

A
  • Energy may be stored in chemicals.
  • Explosives release this energy very fast.
  • Food is an example of chemical energy that is released in our bodies over a period of time.
  • Oil and other fuels such as gas or coal also have chemical energy that is released when they burn.
  • Batteries are made up materials that react together to make electricity
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6
Q

What is Light energy?

A
  • Light from the Sun provides the energy for plants to grow and make food and oxygen for us (a process called photosynthesis).
  • We may use solar panels to get energy to run our calculators or to heat water in our homes.
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7
Q

What is Heat energy?

A
  • When energy is given to an object, the temperature of the object may increase. The particles that make up the object move around more when they get hot. Energy is needed to heat our homes
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8
Q

What is Electrical energy?

A
  • A wire carrying electricity can be used to supply energy to machines and heaters.
  • This is a very convenient type of energy as it can be easily converted into many other forms.
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9
Q

What is Sound energy?

A
  • This is a form of kinetic energy created when objects vibrate.
  • This makes the air aroundthe object vibrate and causes our eardrums to vibrate, allowing us to hear.
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10
Q

What is Nuclear energy?

A
  • The nucleus of the atom has an enormous amount of stored energy.
  • When the nucleus is disturbed, the atom may release this energy.
  • This is used in nuclear powered electricity power stations and nuclear bombs
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11
Q

What is the Principle of Conservation of Energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form to another.

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12
Q

Why is the Sun the most important source of energy? (6)

A
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13
Q

What is a renewable energy source and list some examples?

A

A renewable energy source will never be used up.

  • Some renewable sources of energy are wind, wave, solar, nuclear, hydroelectric and tidal energy.
  • Renewable energy sources produce no harmful waste products but they are expensive to set up.
  • Renewable sources will have to form the majority of the Earth’s energy needs in the future.
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14
Q

What is a non-renewable energy source and list some expamples?

A

A non-renewable energy source will not be regenerated in our lifetime.

  • These were formed over millions of years.
  • Coal, oil, gas and peat that we burn are examples of non-renewable sources.
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15
Q

What is Sustainability?

A

Sustainability is the conservation of balance in the world’s ecology indefinitely.

  • To not damage the environment.
  • Energy needs to be affordable.
  • Global warming.
  • Acid rain kill trees and fish.
  • Fossil fuels will run out. This is not sustainable
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16
Q

What are the things we can do to make our energy use more sustainable?

A
  1. Insulating buildings as much as possible.
  2. Choosing energy efficient appliances.
  3. Taking public transport, cycling or walking.
  4. Plug out appliances when not in use.
  5. Do not overheat your home.
  6. Turn off lights when rooms are unoccupied.
  7. Only use the washing machine, dryer and dishwasher when full.
  8. Choosing renewable sources of energy.
  9. Recycling materials.
17
Q

How do you calculate energy use?

A

The energy used to do a task is often referred to as work.

The amount of work needed to push a box from place to place depends on the force needed to push the box and the distance the box is pushed.

The total amount of work done to move the box can be calculated using the formula:

work = force × distance

Energy is measured in units called joules. In this formula the force must always be in newtons and the distance in metres.

18
Q

How do you caculate power?

A

We know the calculations to find the energy needed to do simple tasks.

We have not taken into account how long each task took. Power takes time into consideration.

P = W/t

Power = Work done (in joules) / Time taken (seconds)

The units are joules (J) per second or watts (W).

19
Q

What are some of the ethical issues of generating electricity?

A

Generating electricity has some ethical issues as it can damage the environment by pollution, flooding and noise.

In addition, many people are not happy to live near nuclear power stations, wind turbines, biomass equipment or electricity pylons.

Science (22 decks)

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