1Y: The Cell

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

A cell is the smallest working unit of a living organism.

Question 2

Name the parts of an Animal Cell? (5)

Answer 2

1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Mitochondrion
4. Nucleus
5. Ribosome

Question 3

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 3

• Allows substances in and out of the cell.
• It also protects the cell.

Cell membrane is made up mostly of fat. It does not allow everything through it, generally it allows small substances through, for example water, but not large substances, for example protein

Question 4

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Answer 4

• Watery fluid that organelles float in.

Is made up of mostly water with salts, glucose and other food materials in it.

Question 5

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 5

• Contains genes that control the cell.
• Control centre of cell.

The nucleus carries chromosomes, which are made up of genes that control the working of the cell. Genes are made of DNA.

Question 6

What is the function of the Mitochondrion?

Answer 6

• Where energy is released in respiration.

Mitochondrion, known as the ‘power-house of the cell‘, is where food reacts with oxygen to release energy. This process is called respiration.

Question 7

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Answer 7

• Where proteins are made.

Ribosome is where the cell produces protein, for example the hormone insulin, the enzyme amylase and collagen for the skin.

Question 8

What are the individual parts of a cell are known as?

Answer 8

The individual parts of a cell are known as cell organelles.

Question 9

What organelles are only found in plant cells? (3)

Answer 9

1. Cell wall
2. Vacuole
3. Chloroplasts

Question 10

What is the function of the Vacuole?

Answer 10

• Storage of food and water

A vacuole is a space within the cytoplasm where the cell can store substances – mainly the food that it produces.

Question 11

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 11

• Support and protection.

The cell wall is made of cellulose. It is a very strong substance that gives great support and protection to plant cells. Fibre/roughage in food is cellulose.

Question 12

What is the function of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 12

• Photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are the organelles in plants that contain the green chemical called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps light energy to be used in photosynthesis.

Question 13

What is Photosynthesis?

Answer 13

• Photosynthesis is the way green plants make their own food using light.
• synthesis = make,
• photo = light.

Question 14

What are the differences between a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell? (3)

Answer 14

See attachment.