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anatomy > 2nd lq - MUSCLES OF THE PERINEUM AND RELATED STRUCTURES > Flashcards

2nd lq - MUSCLES OF THE PERINEUM AND RELATED STRUCTURES Flashcards

1
Q

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM:

A

o Levator ani muscle
o Coccygeus muscle

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2
Q

superficial =

A

inferior

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3
Q

deep

A

superior

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4
Q

PERINUEM Boundaries:

A

Symphysis pubis
Ischiopubic rami
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberousligaments
Tip of the coccyx

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5
Q

PERINUEM Triangles:

A

Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle

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6
Q

an important point of
stability for perineal
integrity and functions.

A

PERINEAL BODY

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7
Q

ANAL TRIANGLE Boundaries

A

1.Ischial Tuberosities
2.Sacrotuberous Ligaments
3.Tip of the Coccyx

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8
Q

CONTENTS OF
ANAL SPHINCTER

A

1.Anus
2.Ischional Fossa

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9
Q

ANAL CANAL measurements :

A

1.5 inches or 4 cm

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10
Q

anal Boundaries anterior in male:

A
  1. Perineal body
  2. Urogenital diaphragm
  3. Membranous part of the urethra
    4.Bulb of the penis
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11
Q

anal Boundaries anterior in female:

A
  1. Perineal body
  2. Urogenital Diaphragm
    3. Lower part of the vagina
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12
Q

Boundaries lateral

A

Fat-filled ischiorectal fossa

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13
Q

Boundaries posterior

A

Anococcygeal body

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14
Q

Hindgut entoderm
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Hypogastric Plexuses
(sensitive to stretch only)

Superior Rectal Artery

Superior Rectal Vein

LD: Superior Rectal Node -> Pararectal Node -> Inferior Mesenteric Nodes

A

UPPER HALF
(with ANAL COLUMNS)

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15
Q

Ectoderm of the proctodeum
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM

Inferior Rectal Nerve
(sensitive to pain, temperature,
touch and pressure)

Inferior Rectal Artery
Inferior Rectal Vein

Ld: Superficial inguinal nodes

A

LOWER HALF
(without ANAL COLUMNS)

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16
Q

indicates the level where
the upper half of the anal
canal joins the lower half

A

PECTINATE LINE

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17
Q

ANAL SPHINCTERS:

A

INTERNAL SPHINCTER - Involuntary
EXTERNAL SPHINCTER – Voluntary

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18
Q

what’s in ANORECTAL JUNCTION

A

PUBORECTALIS FIBERS

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19
Q

consists of the external anal sphincter and the puborectalis muscles and is a good landmark for locating the tumor

A

anorectal ring

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20
Q

What is the Physiology of DEFECATION?

A

the rectum shortens as it expels material into the anal canal, and peristaltic waves propel the feces out of the rectum. In the anus there are two muscular constrictors, the internal and external sphincters, that allow the feces to be passed or retained.

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21
Q

Also known as Ischiorectal Fossa

  • Posterior recess -> Gluteus
    maximus muscles
  • Anterior recess -> perineal
    membrane and pelvic diaphragm
A

ISCHIOANAL FOSSA

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22
Q

ISCHIOANAL FOSSA Contents:

A

1.The pudendal nerve
2.Internal pudendal vessels

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23
Q

branch of the sacral plexus (S2
to 4 anterior rami)

supply the external anal
sphincter and the muscles and
skin of the perineum

A

PUDENDAL NERVE

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24
Q

PUDENDAL NERVE BRANCHES

A

1.INFERIOR RECTAL NERVE
2.DORSAL NERVE OF THE
PENIS ( CLITORIS)
3.PERINEAL NERVE

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25
Q

INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY
*Branch of the internal iliac artery

BRANCHES:

A

1.Inferior rectal artery : supplies
the lower half of the anal canal

  1. Branches to the penis in the male
    and to the labia and clitoris in the
    female
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26
Q

Boundaries
Anterior: PUBIC ARCH

Lateral:
ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES

A

UROGENITAL TRIANGLE

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27
Q

UROGENITAL TRIANGLE
Layers

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial perineal fascia
  3. Deep perineal fascia
  4. Superficial (inferior) perineal
    space (pouch)
  5. Deep (superior) perineal space
    (pouch)
28
Q

FATTY LAYER – superficial

A

CAMPER’s FASCIA

29
Q
A
30
Q

membranous layer– superficial

A

SCARPA’s FASCIA

31
Q

SUPERFICIAL PERINEALSPACE

Zone between the superficial
fascia and perineal membrane

A
  1. Posterior Closure
    1. Lateral Closure
    2. Anterior Closure
32
Q

Contents:
* Bulb of the penis or bulbs of the
vestibule plus the bulbospongiosus
muscles

  • Crura of the penis or clitoris plus the ischiocavernousmuscles
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  • Perineal nerves and vessels
    *Greater vestibular glands (in females)
A

SUPERFICIAL PERINEALSPACE

33
Q

This diaphragm is a three-layered,
flat, triangular, musculofascial
structure situated in the anterior
part of the perineum and fills in
the urogenital hiatus

A

DEEP PERINEAL SPACE
AND
UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM

34
Q

Layers of Urogenital
Diaphragm

A
  1. Inferior fascia of the urogenital
    diaphragm (also termed the
    perineal membrane)
  2. Deep perineal space (pouch),
    formed by the sphincter urethrae
    and deep transverse perineal
    muscles
  3. Superior fascia of the urogenital
    diaphragm
35
Q

MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE
Contents:

A

1.Penis
2.Scrotum

36
Q

has a fixed root and a body that hangs free
1. Bulb of the penis
2. Right and left crura of the penis

A

PENIS/PENILE BODY

37
Q

PENIS LYMPH DRAINAGE

A

penis

wall of the scrotum medial group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

38
Q

nerve supply of anterior scrotum

A

ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of the genitofemoral
nerve

39
Q

nerve supply of posterior scrotum

A

pudendal and posterior femoral
cutaneous nerves

40
Q

Superficial Perineal
Space Contents :

A

*Structures forming the root of
the penis (bulb and crura)
*Muscles that cover the root
structures (bulbospongiosus
and ischiocavernosus)
*Superficial transverse perineal
muscles
*Branches of the pudendal nerve
and internal pudendal vessels

41
Q

IMPORTANT MUSCLES

A

1.Bulbospongiosus muscles
2.Ischiocavernosus muscles
3.Superficial transverse perineal muscles

42
Q

What is the Physiology of PENILE ERECTION
and EJACULATION?

A

Engorgement of the corpus spongiosum constricts and pressurizes the urethral lumen to allow for forceful ejaculation. The bulbospongiosus muscle surrounds the bulb of the penis and, like the ischiocavernosus muscle, forces additional blood into the penis during the rigid erection phase

43
Q

8 in. (20 cm) long
* extends from the neck of the bladder to the
external meatus on the glans penis

A

MALE URETHRA

44
Q

parts of MALE URETHRA

A
  1. Postatic urethra
  2. Intermediate (membranous) urethra
    3.penile (spongy) urethra
45
Q

FEMALE UROGENITAL
TRIANGLE CONTENTS:

A

External Genitalia
Orifices of the Urethra and Vagina

46
Q

collective name for the area of
the female external genitalia
Borders:
1.Mons Pubis
2.Genitocrural fold
3.Perineal body

A

VULVA

47
Q

Blood Supply of vulva:

A

external and internal pudendal
arteries

48
Q

Lymph drainage of vulva

A

medial group of superficial
inguinal nodes.

49
Q

nerve supply of anterior parts of the vulva

A

ilioinguinal nerves and the genital
branch of the genitofemoral
nerves

50
Q

nerve supply of posterior parts of the vulva

A

Branches of the perineal nerves
and the posterior femoral
cutaneous nerves

51
Q
  • female phallic organ that
    corresponds to the penis in the
    male
  • situated anteriorly, at the apex
    of the vestibule
A

CLITORIS

52
Q

parts of CLITORIS

A
  1. CLITORAL ROOT
  2. CLITORAL BODY
  3. GLANS OF CLITORIS
53
Q

Blood Supply of clitoris

A

internal pudendal artery

54
Q

Lymph drainage of clitoris

A

internal iliac nodes or to
the deep inguinal nodes

55
Q

Nerve Supply of clitoris

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve

carry sensory fibers from
the clitoris and provide
motor supply to the
associated skeletal
muscles
(ischiocavernosus)

56
Q

paired erectile bodies located on each side of
the vestibule, deep to the labia minora

  • bulbospongiosusmuscle covers each bulb
A

VESTIBULAR BULB

57
Q

presence of the greater vestibular glands in the female

superficial space AND bulbourethral glands perineal space in males.

A

SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL SPACE

58
Q

SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL SPACE contents

A
  1. Bulbs of the vestibule plus the bulbospongiosus muscles
  2. Crura of the clitoris plus the ischiocavernosus muscles
  3. Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  4. Perineal nerves and vessels
  5. Greater vestibular glands
59
Q

What is the Physiology of CLITORAL
ERECTION OR FEMALE ORGASM?

A

The clitoris is the homologue of the male’s glans and corpora cavernosa, and erection is reached in three phases: latent, turgid, and rigid. The vestibular bulbs cause “vaginal” orgasmic contractions, through the rhythmic contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscles.

60
Q

1.5 in. (3.8 cm) long

  • extends from the neck of the bladder (internal
    urethral orifice) to the vestibule (external
    urethral orifice) where it opens about 1 in. (2.5 cm) behind the clitoris
A

FEMALE URETHRA

61
Q

lie on each side of the vestibule.
They open into the vestibule by
small ducts on either side of the
external urethral orifice

  • correspond to the prostate in the
    male
A

LESSER VESTIBULAR
(PARAURETHRAL)
GLANDS

62
Q
  • female genital canal, the excretory duct for the
    menstrual flow from the uterus, and part of the
    birth canaL
  • Extends upward and backward between the
    vulva and the uterus
A

VAGINA

63
Q

measures about 3 in. (8 cm) long.
* HYMEN: thin mucosal fold
* upper half: lies above the pelvic floor within the
true pelvis
* Lower half: perineum between the urethra anteriorly and the anal canal posteriorly

A

VAGINA

64
Q

vagina blood supply

A
65
Q

an injection in your pelvic region that can provide temporary pain relief. Healthcare providers use them for chronic pelvic pain and as regional anesthesia for certain procedures. The results can vary from person to person. Some people experience pain relief, while others don’t.

A

Pudendal nerve block

66
Q
A

anatomy (15 decks)

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