2nd lq - muscles of the neck

Question 1

layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of
muscles, blood vessels and nerves, binding those structures
together
allow the muscles to slide upon each other during movement

Answer 1

Fascia

Question 2

example of parallel muscle

Answer 2

stylohyoid muscle

Question 3

example of circular muscle

Answer 3

orbicularis oculi

Question 4

ample of fusiform muscle

Answer 4

digastric muscle

Question 5

example of triangular muscle

Answer 5

pectoralis major

Question 6

ex. of unipennate

Answer 6

extensor digitorum.

Question 7

of bipennate

Answer 7

rectus femoris

Question 8

ex. of multipennate

Answer 8

deltoid

Question 9

immediately deep to the skin

Answer 9

Superficial fascia

Question 10

deep investing fascia
visceral (pretracheal) fascia
prevertebral fascia
alar fascia

Answer 10

Deep cervical fascia

Question 11

wraps around the entire circumference of the neck

splits to pass around SCM and trapezius

Answer 11

Deep investing fascia

Question 12

superior attachment of Deep investing fascia:

Answer 12

inf. border of mandible, inf. border of the body of hyoid bone,
angle of mandible, inf. border of zygomatic arch, mastoid
process, styloid process and attachments of SCM and
trapezius to the skull

Question 13

inferior attachment of Deep investing fascia:

Answer 13

manubrium sterni, clavicles and spine of the scapula

Question 14

deep to the deep investing fascia
forms a sheath around the visceral unit of the neck

Answer 14

Visceral/pretracheal fascia

Question 15

Superior attachment
hyoid bone and base of the skull

Inferior attachment
superior mediastinum → pericardium of the heart

Answer 15

Visceral/pretracheal fascia

Question 16

surrounds the cervical vertebral unit

Answer 16

Prevertebral fascia

Question 17

Superior attachment
base of the skull

Inferior attachment
blends with the investing fascia of the musculature of the
back and with the anterior longitudinal ligament of the
thoracic vertebrae

Answer 17

Prevertebral fascia

Question 18

formed by a division of the anterior component of the
prevertebral fascia

binds to the transverse processes laterally

Answer 18

Alar fascia

Question 19

Most important muscle of respiration
Dome-shaped

Consist of peripheral muscular part and a centrally placed tendon

Answer 19

Diaphragm

Question 20

diaphragm origin is divided into 3 parts

Answer 20

Sternal part – posterior surface of the xiphoid process

Costal part – deep surfaces of the lower six ribs and their costal cartilages

Vertebral part – vertical columns or crura and from arcuate ligaments.

Question 21

arises from the sides of the bodies of the 1st three lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs and splits to enclose the esophagus

Answer 21

Right crus

Question 22

sides of the bodies of the 1st two lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Answer 22

Left crus

Question 23

central tendon
Nerve Supply:

Answer 23

Phrenic Nerve (C3-5)

Question 24

On contraction, the diaphragm pulls its central tendon down and increases the vertical diameter of the thorax

Answer 24

Muscle of inspiration

Question 25

Assists the contraction of the muscles of anterior abdominal wall = increases intra-abdominal pressure ( micturition, defecation, parturition)

Answer 25

Muscle of abdominal straining

Question 26

Assists the contraction of the muscles of anterior abdominal wall to such extent it helps support the vertebral column and prevent flexion.

Answer 26

Weight-lifting muscle

Question 27

Descent of diaphragm = dec intrathoracic pressure Assists return of venous blood in the IVC to RA and passage of lymph upward in the thoracic duct

Answer 27

Thoracoabdominal pump

Question 28

fibers pass DOWNWARD and FORWARD Origin: Inferior border of the rib above Insertion: Superior border of the rib below Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves

Answer 28

External Intercostal

Question 29

Action: With the first rib fixed, they raised ribs during inspiration and thus increase antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the thorax With the last rib fixed by abdominal muscles, they lower the ribs during expiration

Answer 29

External Intercostal

Question 30

Fibers = DOWNWARD and BACKWARD Origin: Inferior border of the rib above Insertion: Superior border of the rib below Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves Action: assist the external intercostal muscles

Answer 30

Internal Intercostal

Question 31

Fibers = transversely, forms incomplete layer of the muscle Origin: adjacent ribs Insertion: adjacent ribs Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves Action: assist the external and internal intercostal muscles

Answer 31

Innermost Intercostal Muscle

Question 32

Suboccipital Muscles

Answer 32

Levatores costarum (twelve total) Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior

Question 33

Tension pneumothorax or large hemothorax Remove air or blood to allow lung to expand Needle should be kept close to the upper border of the rib to avoid injuring intercostal VAN

Answer 33

Needle thoracostomy

Question 34

the way your baby was positioned in the womb before birth. abnormal development of the SCM muscle. trauma or damage to the muscle during birth.

Answer 34

Congenital muscular torticollis