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micropara > 2F - Introduction to Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

2F - Introduction to Medical Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

symbionts

A

organisms living together

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2
Q

symbiosis

A

association/relationship of two or more organisms living together

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3
Q

mutualism

A

both host and organism benefit from one another

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4
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits but there is not beneficial or harmful effect to the host

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5
Q

parasitism

A

one species (microbe) benefits at the expense of the other (host)

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6
Q

parasite

A

living organism that takes nourishment and other needs through contact with another species

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7
Q

host

A

organism that supports parasite, and may later develop disease

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8
Q

medical parasitology

A

human parasitology, studying parasites on the human body

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9
Q

ectoparasites

A

parasitic organisms that live on the outer surface of its host (INFESTATION)

habitat

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10
Q

endoparasites

A

parasitic organisms that live inside the body of
adapting to it if placed on a host (INFECTION)

habitat

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11
Q

obligate parasite

A

completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle

need for host

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12
Q

facultative parasite

A

exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes, does not absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting if placed on a host

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13
Q

accidental/incidental parasite

A

parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives but may or may not complete life cycle

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14
Q

erratic parasite

A

parasite that wanders into an organ in which it is not usually found

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15
Q

intermittent or temporary parasite

A

those that only visit the host from time to time for feeding

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16
Q

permanent parasite

A

remains on the host for life

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17
Q

spurious parasite

A

organisms that have been swallowed and passed through the alimentary tract without causing any effect

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18
Q

hyperparasite

A

parasites that parasitizes another parasite

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19
Q

definitive host

A

harbors a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction

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20
Q

intermediate host

A

harbors the larval stages of the parasite or an asexual
cycle of development takes place

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21
Q

paratenic host

A

temporary refuge of vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host, NOT necessary for the completion of life cycle

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22
Q

reservoir host

A

makes the parasite available for the transmission, usually not affected by the infection

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23
Q

natural host

A

naturally infected with certain species of parasite

24
Q

accidental host

A

under normal circumstances not infected with the parasites

25
Q

trophozoite

A

moving & feeding and multiplying stage, multiply asexually

26
Q

cyst

A

survives well in the environment, infective to humans

27
Q

infective stage

A

initiate an infection to its host

28
Q

diagnostic stage

A

exits the definitive host

29
Q

direct life cycle

A

does not require an intermediate host to complete its life cycle

30
Q

indirect life cycle

A

requires an intermediate host to complete its life cycle

31
Q

autoinfection

A

infected individual becomes own direct source of infection

32
Q

vehicle

A

fomites, non-living entities

33
Q

vector

A

living entities

34
Q

biological vector

A

transports pathogens plus play a role in the life cycle of pathogen

35
Q

mechanical vector

A

organism that only transports a pathogen

36
Q

per oral

A

contaminated food and water

most common source (cestodes, trematodes, intestinal protozoans)

37
Q

percutaneous

A

skin penetration

hookworm, strongyloides, schistosoma

38
Q

arthropod vector

A

malaria (MOSQUITO), filaria (MOSQUITO), trypanosoma (SLEEPING SICKNESS), leishmania (SANDFLY)

39
Q

congenital transmission

A

toxoplasma (transplacental)

40
Q

inhalation of airborne eggs

A

enterobius spp

41
Q

sexual intercourse

A

trichomonas vaginalis

42
Q

blood-borne

A

malari

43
Q

mechanical injury

A

may be inflicted by a parasite by means of pressure as it grows larger

direct effect

44
Q

enzymatic interference

A

digest cellular material

direct effect

45
Q

invasion and destruction

A

ex.) invades RBC → RBC rupture

direct effect

46
Q

nutrient deprivation

A

ex.) D. latum competes with host Vit B12 supply →
megaloblastic anemia

direct effect

47
Q

indirect effects

A

excessive increase of parasites cause tissue damage in man → immunological response of the host

48
Q

helminths

A

multicellular

49
Q

platyhelminths

A

flatworms

Trematoda (Flukes; flat & unsegmented)
Cestoda (Tapeworms: flat & segmented)

50
Q

nemahelminths

A

Nematoda (Roundworms)

51
Q

protozoa

A

unicellular

52
Q

sporozoa

A

apical structure for burrowing, all intracellular parasites

ex.) plasmodium in RBC

53
Q

mastigophora

A

flagella as locomotory apparatus

ex.) Trypanosoma spp

54
Q

sarcodina

A

pseudopods as locomotory apparatus, move by
extending pseudopodia, no fixed shape

ex.) Entamoeba histolytica

55
Q

ciliophora

A

move by beating of many cilia

ex.) Balantidium coli

micropara (8 decks)

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