2c - Biological molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made of?
Simple sugars (monosacchorides)
eg. Glucose
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What are lipids made of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What solution is used to test for glucose?
Benedict’s solution
What solution is used to test for starch?
Iodine solution
What solution is used to test for protein?
Biuret’s solution
What solution is used to test for lipids?
Ethanol
How do you know if glucose is present?
Benedit’s test changes from blue –> orange / brick-red if present
no colour change? - no glucose present
How do you know if starch is present?
Iodine test colour changes to blue/blak if present
no colour change? - no starch present
How do you know if protein is present?
Biuret’s test colour changes from blue –> violet if present no colour change? - no protein present
How do you know if lipids are present?
Ethanol test solution changes from colourless –> milky white no colour change? - no lipids present
What is the definition of an enzyme?
Protein molecules that act as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of reaction without being used up
The substrate fits into the a_____ s___
active site
What happens if the temperature is higher than the optimum temperature of the enzyme?
1) enzyme will denature 2) Active site’s shape and structure will change –> substrates no longer fit
What happens it the pH increases towards the optimum pH?
the rate of enzyme activity increases
What elements are carbohydrates composed of?
CHO - Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen
What elements are proteins composed of?
CHON - Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen (+sulfur)
What elements are lipids composed of?
CHO - Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen
What does the amylase enzyme do?
Converts starch (polysaccharides) into simple sugars such as glucose Starch –> Glucose
What does the protease enzyme do?
Protein –> Amino acids
What does the lipase enzyme do?
Lipids –> Fatty acids + Glycerol
