2b - Cell structure Flashcards
What are some differences between animal and plant cells?
1) Plant cells have a cell wall
2) Animal cells never contain chloroplasts
3) Plant cells usually have large vacuoles
What is a cytoplasm?
Thick watery liquid where many of the activities take place, enzymes are found here.
What is a mitochondria?
Sausage shaped organelles where aerobic respiration takes place. ‘powerhouse of the cell’
What are ribosomes?
Very small complex particles, responsible for protein synthesis.
What is a nucleus?
Contains genetic information of the cell, this information is located in the DNA
What is a cell membrane?
Cell membrane
What are chloroplasts?
Green disc shaped organelles, where photosynthesis occurs, (green colour due to the pigment chlorophyll)
What is a cell wall?
In plant cells these walls are made up of cellulose, in fungi they are made of chitin and in bacteria of polymer of sugars and amino acids
What is a vacuole?
Contains a watery solution known as ‘cell sap’, gives the plant rigidity. Animal cells do not have large vacuoles
What does cell sap do?
1) Maintains the plant cell’s turgidity
2) contains variable amounts of food and waste materials, inorganic salts, and nitrogenous compounds.
What is a cell wall made out of in fungi?
Chitin
What is a cell wall made out of in plant cells?
Cellulose
What is a cell wall made out of in bacteria?
A polymer of sugars and cell sap
Why are chloroplasts green?
Because of the green pigment ‘chlorophyll’
Where are most enzymes found?
Cytoplasm
