1b - Variety of living organisms

Question 1

What are organisms classified by?

Answer 1

Similar features, such as

• structure
• functions
• biochemistry
• genetics

Question 2

Why do all organisms have a latin name?

Answer 2

Latin is a universal language

Question 3

What are the five different kingdoms? (hint: p a f p b)

Answer 3

• plants
• animals
• fungi
• protoctists
• bacteria

Question 4

Characteristics of the animal kingdom:

Answer 4

• Multicellular organisms
• Cells do not contain chloroplasts (no photosynthesis)
• No cell walls
• Usually have nervous coordinations and able to move
• Store carbohydrate as glycogen
• Can be further classified through:
  → vertebrates (with spinal cord)
  → invertebrates (without spinal cord)
  Animal example: lion

Question 5

Characteristics of the plant kingdom:

Answer 5

• Multicellular organisms
• Cells contain chloroplasts
• Cellulose cell walls
• Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
  Plant example: wheat

Question 6

Characteristics of the fungi kingdom:

Answer 6

• No photosynthesis
• Organised into a mycelium made from hyphae
  → thread like structure, + contains many nuclei
• Chitin cell walls
• Store carbohydrates as glycogen
• Feed on decaying matter (saprotrophic nutrition)
• Fungi example: mucor (single celled yeast)

Question 7

Characteristics of the protoctist kingdom:

Answer 7

• Usually single celled
• Very diverse
  → they dont fit into any other group
• Some have animal cell features, other plant cell
• Usually aquatic
• Some are pathogenic (eg. Plasmodium causes malaria)
  Protoctist example: Amoeba

Question 8

Characteristics of the bacteria kingdom:

Answer 8

• Microscopic single celled organism
• Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
• No nucleus (but have a circular chromosome of DNA)
• Most feed off of other living or dead organisms (parasite)
  → some carry out photosynthesis to feed
  Bacteria example: Lactobacillus (used in production of milk)

Question 9

Which organism has a cell wall made out of chitin?

Answer 9

Fungi

Question 10

Which organism has a cell wall made out of cellulose?

Answer 10

Plants

Question 11

Which organism has no nucleus? (instead a circular chromosome of DNA)

Answer 11

Bacteria (aka prokaryotes)

Question 12

What does the term ‘pathogenic’ mean?

Answer 12

Disease causing

Question 13

Which organism stores carbohydrates as starch or sucrose?

Answer 13

Plants

Question 14

Which organisms stores carbohydrates as glycogen?

Answer 14

Animals + Fungi

Question 15

Which organism is organised into a mycelium from hyphae?

Answer 15

Fungi

Question 16

What is the term used to describe ‘feed on decaying matter’

Answer 16

saprotrophic

Question 17

How can the animal kingdom be further classified?

Answer 17

Vertebrates (spinal cord)

Invertebrates (no spinal cord)

Question 18

What is an example of a bacteria?

Answer 18

Lactobacillus (used in production of milk)

Question 19

Why are protoctists grouped together?

Answer 19

They are very diverse and are held together by the fact they don’t fit into any other kingdom

Question 20

Which organism is always single celled?

Answer 20

Bacteria

Question 21

Which organisms are always multicellular?

Answer 21

Plants + Animals