2B Flashcards
What are the forms of ن sakin and which have more nasality?
One form is nun sakin with just a sakin on top and nasality changes according to the letter that comes after
Second form is the nun sakin that is in the tanwin and this has most nasality
What does izhar mean?
To read clearly without any additional/extended ghunnah
When do you read nun sakin or tanwin with izhar?
If there are any of the 6 throat letters after it (an alif that has a harakah or sakin is also a hamza)
What are the 6 throat letters?
خ غ ع ح ہ ء
What is another term for a sleepy letter?
Continuous letter
What does a mini س mean in tajweed?
Sakt, a breathless pause
Generally, how do you know whether a letter following the nun sakin will have a big effect on it?
The letters closest to the nun have the largest effect, the furthest letters to the nun have least impact
Which letters are closest to the nun and how does this impact the nun sakin if it is after?
یرملون
The nun sakina will merge = idghaam
ب
The nun sakina will change to a م sakina= iqlaab
If a م sakina is followed by a ب how is it recited?
Meem sakina rules apply so it would be an ikhfaa shafawi with extended light ghunnah
Which letter are furthest from the nun and how does it impact nun sakina?
The 6 throat letters, there is no need for extra nasality or extended ghunnah=izhaar
For all other letters (not closest or furthest from the nun sakina) how do they impact nun sakina and how do you pronounce it?
Ikhfaa (hiding)
Whilst pronouncing nun sakina/tanwin bring tongue close to the exit point of next letter and add extra nasality
Which nun sakina rules happen between or within words?
Idghaam is between 2 words
All others can be between or within words
What are the types of idghaam and which letters does it apply to?
Idghaam kaamil= complete merging, nothing of the nun sakina remains, ل and ر as they are closest to nun (shown by shaddah)
Idghaam naqis= incomplete merging, the nasality/extended ghunnah of the nun is left, ینمو
What is madd aslil?
The natural stretch
Short vowel (1 count)- fatha/dhammah/kasrah followed by alif/wow/ya to stretch to 2 counts or 1 alif (long vowel)
What is madd far’ee and how many counts/alif is it?
The unnatural/secondary stretch
A hamzah/sukoon/shaddah comes after the madd asli
Hamzah= 4 count or 2 alif
Sukoon= 6 counts or 3 alifs
Shaddah=6 counts or 3 alifs
What are other types of natural stretch/madd asli?
Madd ‘iwadh= substitute stretch, when we stop on a fathatayn we change the two fathas to an alif (exception is a round ta will always remain as ha sakin when stopping)
Madd badal= exchange stretch, when a hamzah comes before a long vowel, it used to actually have 2 hamzas
What are the subtypes of madd far’ee relating to hamza and which are wajib?
Madd muttasil= connected stretch, if the Hamza is in the same word and this is necessary (waajib)
Madd munfasil= disconnected stretch, if the Hamza is starting the word after and this is permissible (jaaiz)
What does laazim, kalimi, harder, muthaqqal, mukhaffaf mean?
Laazim= necessary
Kalimi= related to a word
Harfee= related to a letter
Muthaqqal= has a shaddah (heavy as a double letter)
Mukhaffaf= has a sukoon (light)
What is the subtype of madd far’ee relating to sukoon/shaddah and what are the rules?
Madd laazim= necessary stretch
Madd laazim kalimi= necessary stretch in a word - mukhaffaf (due to a sukoon) or muthaqqal (due to a shaddah)
Madd laazim harfee= necessary stretch in a letter (کم عسل نقص)- opening letters (huroof al muqatuat)- mukhaffaf or muthaqqal
What are the types of madd due to a temporary sukun?
Madd ‘aaridh lis-sukun= temporary stretch due to sukoon, after a long vowel/madd asli there is a temporary sukoon when you stop on the third letter- stretch 2, 4 or 6 counts but stay consistent
Madd leen= temporary stretch after a leen (fatha followed by ya/wow), stretch 2, 4 or 6 counts
How to recognise a masculine 3rd person pronoun?
- It is a haa at the end of the word
- It has dhammah or kasrah (no tanween)
- The haa is not part of the original word (e.g. in Allah)
What is Madd Silah?
It is a joining stretch that happens to a masculine 3rd person pronoun when there is a vowelled letter before and after. It is not done when stopping
What are the two types of Madd Silah and when does it happen?
Madd Silah sughraa= minor 2 counts (when no Hamza follows)
Madd Silah kibraa= major 4 counts (when a Hamza follows)
