29 antibacterial drugs

Question 1

are beta lactams -cidal or static?

are they used best on growing or non growing bacteria?

Answer 1

they work best on growing bacteria

and they are bacteriaciadal.

Question 2

B-lactams are _______ depndant killers?

Answer 2

they are time dependant killers

Question 3

what is the half life like for penicillin?

what are they elimiated?

Answer 3

they have short half lives

they are renally elminated - anion transport.

Question 4

how is penicillin g given?

Answer 4

it is given intravenously.

Question 5

what would you use to treat gram+ aerobes

streptococcus

and syphilius

Answer 5

penicillin G

Question 6

what penicillin would you use for

β-lactamase-producing staphylococci

?

Answer 6

oxacillin

Question 7

what drug would you use for

β-lactamase-negative gram-pos (Listeria, Streptococcus, etc.) and

gram-neg (including Haemophilus, Neisseria, Escherichia, Salmonella)

Answer 7

ampicillin, amoxicillin,

Question 8

IM penicillin G benzathine for _____

Answer 8

IM penicillin G benzathine for syphilis

Question 9

Staph. aureus that are sensitive to these drugs are called MSSA (methicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus)

what drug?

Answer 9

oxicillin

Question 10

what drug is used for treatment of enterococcus?

UTI

Answer 10

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

Question 11

what is the drug of choice for otitis media in healthy kids?

Answer 11

amoxicillin

Question 12

what is an alternative choise for lyme disease?

Answer 12

amoxicillin

– Young children
– Pregnancy, breast-feeding

Question 13

• Ampicillin has 2 important uses that amoxicillin doesn’t:

?

Answer 13

– Meningitis (e.g. Neisseria, Listeria)
• ampicillin available IV, amoxicillin only orally

– GI infections

• esp. Shigella
• Less absorption of oral doses = more in GI tract

Question 14

what penicilin is with extended gram negative spectrum.

Answer 14

ticarcillin,

– Retain some gram-pos. activity

– good for some anaerobes, incl. gram-neg. • ticarcillin + clavulanate (β-lactamase inhibitor)

– gram-neg. spectrum extended to include: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

**piperacillin **

– gram-neg. spectrum like ticarcillin, but also:

• some Pseudomonas and Klebsiella
• incl. those that are ticarcillin-resistant

Question 15

Penicillin Allergies

what happens in them?

what can you do to test?

Answer 15

they can be very severe but they are not common

an allergic rash is more common

you can use a prepen skin to test before hand.

Question 16

what are some side effects of penicillin?

Answer 16

• fever (4-8%)
• diarrhea (≤25%), nausea, vomiting
• enterocolitis (~1%)
• elevated liver enzymes (1-4%)
• hemolytic anemia (1-2%)
• seizures

Question 17

all antibacterials can cause enterocolitis !!!!!

Question 18

what are 2 B-lactamase inhibitors?

what is the mechanism?

does it inhibit all of the beta lacatmases?

Answer 18

clavulanic acid,tazobactam

– Beta-lactam “analogs” that bind irreversibly to β-

lactamase

• Inhibits some types of β -lactamases (class A, some class

D), incl. plasmid-encoded forms produced by: