25a antidepressants and antipsychotics Flashcards
where is seratonin from
raphe nuclei
where is norephinepherine from?
the locus coeruleus
what is the mesolimbic dopamine?
from the sustantia nigra
goes to the caudate putamen and nucleaus acumbans.
what is the mesocortical dopamine
from the vental tegmental areas
to the prefrontal cortex.
where is the GABA localized to?
substanita nigra globus paladus and hippocamus
and the limbic system amgydala hypothalmus and spinal cord.
what is a tricyclic antidepressant for chronic pain?
amitriptyline
what is a tricyclic antidepressant for OCD?
clomipramine
what is the SSRI with a long half life?
fluoxetine
whta is the SSRI with a shorter half life? and less effect on drug metabolism
sertraline
what is an atypical antidepressant that is used form SAD and nicotine withdrawl?
blocking NE and dopamine uptake
BUPROPION
what is the atypical antidepressant that is used to increase apitie?
what does it blcok?
MIRTAZAPINE
blocks presynaptic alpha 2 in the brain .
what is phenelzine?
what is a use for it?
it is a MAO inhibitor. irreversible for MAO-A
used for the treatment of narcolepsy
what is the problem with MAOI and eating cheese or sausage
they have tyramine in them and usually tyramine is broken down in the liver. but if you give MAOI it isnt.
this allows the tyramine to get into the blood stream and can effect the heart causing a hypertensive crisis.
what area of the brain is associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
lots of dopmamine in the limbic area.
what do D1 receptors do?
they they activate the adenylate cyclase. Gs
what do D2 receptors do?
they inhibit the adenylate cyclase. D2,3,4 Gi
what receptors do the atypical antipsychotic drugs act on?
D receptors
and
5-HT2 in the forebrain.
what are extrapyramidal side effects of some antipsychotic drugs?
dystonias and parkinsons early on.
later can have tardive dyskineasia. like a tic, lip smacking.
what is a typical drug that is used? with low potency and some anticholengeric effects.
chlorpromazine
what is a typical drug that is used? with low potency and some anticholengeric effects. and some cardiac effects?
thioridazine
what typical drugs is used that has high potency and less sedative and cholenergic effects?
fluphenazine
not chemically related to the phenothiazines but is
pharmacologically similar to the high-potency piperazine derivatives.
haloperidol
what is the better about the sideeffects of the atypical ?
less extrapyramidal effects.
what atypical blocks D4 and 5-HT2?
what are some side effects?
clozapine
there is some weight gain and acute granulocytosis
