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Pharmalcology > 26 alcohol > Flashcards

26 alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

what is the standard does of alcohol?

A

14 g

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2
Q

what does the standard dose give you a BAC of?

A

0.03% 30 mg/dcL

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3
Q

what does the rate of absorbtion of alcohol depend on?

A

the concentration, the rate of absorbtion and the compostion of the gastric contents.

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4
Q

what is the distribution of alcohol like?

A

the volume of distribution is equal to the total body water.

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5
Q

where is alcohol primarily absorbed

A

in the small intestine

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6
Q

is the first pass effect strong for ethanol?

A

yes it is mostly metabolized to acetaldehyde in from the first pass effect of the liver.

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7
Q

what is the primary path way for ethanol oxidation to to acetaldhyde?

A

the ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE PATHWAY it is the rate limiting pathway.

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8
Q

what is the rate limiting step of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway

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9
Q

what is the kinetics of the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway?

A

zero order kinetics

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10
Q

what is the pathway that uses CYP2E1?

A

the Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System Mixed Function Oxidase System) (MFOS)

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11
Q

what does the Mixed Function Oxidase System) (MFOS) do?

A

it has a high KM - so it isnt used unless concentrations get really high. it uses CYP2E1 to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde. needs NADP+ as a cofactor.

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12
Q

what converts the acetaaldehyde to acetate? what kind of reaction is it?

A

mitocondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase it is an oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate.

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13
Q

what drug inhibits the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

disulfiram

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14
Q

what are the 2 metabolic consequences of ethanol metabolism?

A

1) Increased NADH results in inhibition of TCA cycle
- Decreased oxidation of fats
2) Increased acetaldehyde
- Generation of protein adducts
- Decreased glutathione
- Inhibits microtubules

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15
Q

what is the effect of ethanol in the CNS?

A

Ethanol is a dose-dependent, CNS depressant

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16
Q

what happens in the liver when you have chronic alcohol consumption?

A

steatosis - fatty liver.

hep C

you get alcohol cirosis - from necrosis and chronic inflammation.

17
Q

what happens in the GI when you have chronic alcohol?

A

1) Chronic gastritis
2) Pancreatitis
3) Diarrhea
4) Malabsorption of Vitamins

18
Q

what are the effects of chronic alcohol use on the CNS?

A

you get tolerance causing neuronal changes and metabolic tolerance.

dependance

a) Psychological dependence - craving
b) Physical dependence - withdrawal is dangerous, can get seizures

19
Q

what happens in neruotoxicity of in chronic alcohol consumption?

A

Neurotoxicity

1) Neuralgias and peripheral nerve injury
2) Cerebral/Cerebellar Atrophy
3) Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
4) Korsakoff’s Psychosis
5) Psychiatric Disorders

20
Q

what are the tetrogenic effects of alcohol?

what is the mechanism?

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

Mechanism of Teratogenic Effect- direct inhibitory effect of ethanol or acetaldehyde on embryonic cellular proliferation.

Complex syndrome characterized by retarded body growth, micro- cephaly, poor coordination, facial abnormalities and minor joint abnormalities

21
Q

what does acute high doeses of alcohol do to CYP2E1?

what does chronic alcoholism do?

A

it inhibits CYP2E1

chronic alcohol use causes the CYP2E1 to be induced and accelerates the metabolism of some drugs.

22
Q

what drugs are used for the management of alcohol withdrawl syndrome?

what is the point of using these drugs?

A

Benzodiazepines

– Diazepam

  • Chlordiazepoxide

and atenolol for beta blocker

Objectives of drug therapy - prevention of seizures, delirium and arrhythmias

1) Gradual reduction of dose “tapering off”

23
Q

what drug is reduces the urge to drink?

what is its mechanism of action?

A

naltrexone

it is a opioid receptor antagonist.

24
Q

what drug is a GABA mimetic that decreases drinking frequency and reduces relapse?

A

Acamprosate

25
Q

what drug is for the treatment of alcoholism that is used for adversion therapy?

what is the mechanism of action?

A

disulfiram

Mechanism of Action - inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase

Pharmalcology (8 decks)

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