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AP Euro > 2.9-2.10 vocab > Flashcards

2.9-2.10 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges

A

Simony

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2
Q

the practice of holding more than one office or church benefice at a time

A

pluralism

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3
Q

favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs

A

nepotism

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4
Q

the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason

A

absenteeism

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5
Q

paying money to the church so that your past sins are forgiven or you are released from purgatory after death

A

sale of indulgences

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6
Q

Bishops casually enforced regulations regarding education of priest. Many could not read, write, or understand Latin

A

clerical ignorance

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7
Q

a follower of the 14th century English religious reformer John Wycliffe, believed that the church should aid people to live a life of evangelical poverty and imitate Jesus Christ

A

Lollards

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8
Q

An essay that was written to criticize Christians for not “imitating Christ”

A

Erasmus, In Praise of Folly

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9
Q

a philosophy advocating the self-fulfillment of humanity within the framework of Christian principles

A

Christian humanism

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10
Q

Founder of Lutheranism, kick started the Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther

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11
Q

German Dominican friar whose preaching on indulgences, considered by many of his contemporaries to be an abuse of the sacrament of penance, sparked Martin Luther’s reaction

A

Johann Tetzel

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12
Q

propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written by Martin Luther

A

95 Theses

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13
Q

doctrine that says priests are not necessary, all individuals have access to God through Christ

A

“priesthood of all believers”

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14
Q

An imperial meeting of the Holy Roman Empire, convened to determine how authorities (both political and religious) should respond to Martin Luther’s teachings

A

Diet of Worms

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15
Q

28 articles presented by Lutheran princes and representatives of “free cities” at the Diet of Augsburg that set forward what the Lutherans believed

A

Confessions of Augsburg

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16
Q

Holy Roman Emperor during the Protestant Reformation

A

Charles V

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17
Q

peasant uprising in Germany. Inspired by changes brought by the Reformation, peasants in western and southern Germany invoked divine law to demand agrarian rights and freedom from oppression by nobles and landlords.

A

German Peasants War

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18
Q

The demands of the peasants in the German Peasants War, asking for human rights and civil liberties

A

Twelve Articles

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19
Q

a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century

A

League of Schmalkalden

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20
Q

A treaty between German Princes and Charles V that allowed the state princes to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the religion of their domain and permitted the free emigration of residents who dissented

A

Peace of Augsburg, 1555

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21
Q

member of a fringe, or radical, movement of the Protestant Reformation and spiritual ancestor of modern Baptists, Mennonites, and Quakers. Adult baptisms

A

Anabaptists

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22
Q

Jan Matthijs, the leader of Munster’s Anabaptists, proclaimed that anyone who refused to be baptized would be killed

A

Tragedy at Münster

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23
Q

leader of the church reformation in Switzerland, bible is sole authority says that wine and cracker were only symbolic

A

Ulrich Zwingli, Zürich

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24
Q

a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation, founder of Calvinists

A

John Calvin

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25
Q

written by John Calvin, a defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology.

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion

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26
Q

the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul.

A

predestination

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27
Q

Calvin set up his model Christian community, was a place of refuge for Protestants

A

Geneva

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28
Q

the council of cardinals, with or without the Pope

A

Consistory

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29
Q

He was the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation

A

Michael Servetus

30
Q

founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland

A

John Knox

31
Q

Scottish Calvinists and English Protestants who advocated a national church composed of semiautonomous congregations governed by “presbyteries.”

A

Presbyterianism

32
Q

French Calvinists

A

Huguenots

33
Q

United Provinces of the Netherlands, the rise of Calvinism in the Netherlands as the dominant religion set the stage for a revolt against the Inquisition of King Philip II of “Spain, the Netherlands declared its independence in 1581 (although it would not be officially recognized by all European powers until 1648)

A

Dutch Reformed Church

34
Q

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

A

Puritans

35
Q

the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church, becoming a Protestant nation

A

English Reformation

36
Q

Translated the bible into english

A

William Tyndale

37
Q

King of England, had 6 wives, started the church of England

A

Henry VIII

38
Q

Queen of England, first wife of Henry VIII, gave birth to Mary Tudor

A

Catherine of Aragon

39
Q

Queen of England, second wife of Henry VIII, gave birth to Elizabeth Tudor

A

Anne Boleyn

40
Q

Leader of the English Reformation

A

Thomas Cranmer

41
Q

Started by Henry VIII, was considered Protestant but still had Catholic values

A

Church of England

42
Q

Established that English monarchs were the head of the English Church

A

Act of Supremacy

43
Q

subjects were ordered to accept the king’s marriage to Anne as undoubted, true, sincere and perfect. Severed all English financial ties to Rome

A

Act of Succession

44
Q

affirmed half a dozen key Catholic beliefs and their denial was made punishable by law

A

Statute of the Six Articles

45
Q

Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, was the first English king to be raised Protestant

A

Edward VI

46
Q

Daughter of Henry VIII, tried to reverse the English Protestant Reformation by killing a ton of Protestants

A

Mary Tudor

47
Q

Queen of England and daughter of Henry VIII established Protestantism in England; defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; maintained peace inside her previously divided country; and created an environment where the arts flourished

A

Elizabeth I

48
Q

those in a position of power who put the success and well-being of their state above all else

A

politique

49
Q

Religious settlement that cut all ties between England and Rome, while also defining the church of England

A

Elizabethan Settlement

50
Q

the historically defining statements of doctrines and practices of the Church of England with respect to the controversies of the English Reformation

A

Thirty-Nine Articles

51
Q

Wife of Martin Luther

A

Katherina von Bora

52
Q

Roman Catholic religious order of women who were dedicated to the education of young girls and providing care for the sick and needy

A

Angela Merici, Ursuline order of Nuns

53
Q

A Spanish nun who was a mystic and author of spiritual writings and poems. She founded numerous convents throughout Spain and was the originator of the Carmelite Reform that restored a contemplative and austere life to the order

A

Teresa de Avila

54
Q

the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. Created the doctrine of Catholic faith and fix many of the abuses in the church

A

Catholic (Counter) Reformation

55
Q

e encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that was to affect deeply the Roman Catholic Church in the later 16th century. He called the Council of Trent in 1545

A

Pope Paul III

56
Q

addressed church reform and rejected Protestantism, defined the role and canon of scripture and the seven sacraments, and strengthened clerical discipline in education.

A

Council of Trent

57
Q

list of publications deemed heretical or contrary to morality of Catholicism, all Catholics were banned from reading any book on this list

A

Index of Prohibited Books

58
Q

religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III.

A

Jesuits

59
Q

Founded the Jesuits

A

Ignatius Loyola

60
Q

Main purpose was to combat heresy and used aggressive forms of torture and murder

A

Spanish and Italian Inquisitions

61
Q

sometimes defined as the “stylish style” for its emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction

A

Mannerism

62
Q

best known for his tortuously elongated figures painted in phantasmagorical pigmentation, which almost resembled chalk with its blunt vividness, painted in the mannerism style

A

El Greco

63
Q

a cultural and art movement that characterized Europe from the early seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century. emphasizes dramatic, exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted, detail.

A

Baroque Art

64
Q

an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture

A

Gianlorenzo Bernini

65
Q

purposefully designed to symbolize, “the mother church of Christianity” and its embracing welcome to the world.

A

Colonnade in piazza in front of St. Peter’s Basilica

66
Q

acts as a visual focus within the basilica; it is itself a very large structure and forms a visual mediation between the enormous scale of the building and the human scale of the people officiating at the religious ceremonies at the papal altar beneath its canopy.

A

St. Peter’s Baldachin

67
Q

Sculpture that shows the moment St. Teresa was awakened and brought to god

A

Ecstasy of St. Teresa

68
Q

where an artist keeps some areas of a painting totally black, allowing one or two areas to be strongly illuminated by comparison

A

Caravaggio, tenebrismo style

69
Q

a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands. He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition

A

Peter Paul Rubens

70
Q

a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the Baroque period.

A

Diego Velázquez

71
Q

an Italian Baroque painter, is considered among the most accomplished seventeenth-century artists, initially working in the style of Caravaggio. She was producing professional work by the age of fifteen

A

Artemisia Gentileschi

AP Euro (5 decks)

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