11.52-11.55 Flashcards
landowners collectively, especially when considered as a class having political or social influence.
squirearchy
enclosed open fields and common land in the country, creating legal property rights that was previously considered common
Enclosed Acts
to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible.
Factory Act of 1802
Wrote the book Wealth of Nations, his theory was that wealth is created through productive labor, and that self-interest motivates people to put their resources to the best use
Adam Smith
He thought that the supply of food cannot keep up with the growth of the human population, inevitably resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity
Thomas R. Malthus
English engineer and principal inventor of the railroad locomotive.
George Stephenson
a loom powered by water, steam, or electricity rather than by hand.
Power Loom
abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market.
Laissez-faire
international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
Free trade
a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial Revolution
Spinning Jenny
a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker
Ricardo’s iron law of wages
He invented the flying shuttle
John Kay
He invented the steam engine
Richard Arkwright
a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world
James Watt
a conscious movement that began in England to revive Gothic forms, mostly in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Started because of Romanticism
Gothic revival
Fairy Tales collected from the common people of Germany, because Nationalism
Grimm’s Fairy Tales
John Stuart Mill wrote an essay that said he felt that men and women married to follow customs and that the relation between them was a purely domestic one. By emancipating women, Mill believed, they would be better able to connect on an intellectual level with their husbands, thereby improving relationships.
The subjection of Women
an interpretive method in which the contradiction between a proposition (thesis) and its antithesis is resolved at a higher level of truth (synthesis)
Hegelian Dialectic
American activist who fought for women’s rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
advocates free market and laissez-faire economics; civil liberties under the rule of law with especial emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech.
Liberalism
German historian who made important contributions to the emergence of modern history writing and is recognised as the father of the “scientific” historical school of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Leopold von Ranke
European movement that brought about new nationalisms for slavic related peoples, including new written languages and books.
Slavic Revival
British Liberal and feminist who advocated for women’s suffrage.
John Stuart Mill
Wrote the National System of Political Economy in 1840 and believed in protective tariffs. Got his ideas from America.
Friedrich List
Book by historian Francis Palacky that discussed the history of Bohemia.
History of the Czech Peoples
Those who wanted to change society from the ground up, deep in reform and democracy.
Philosophical Radicals
A leading utopian socialist who believed small communal societies where all worked together. All attempts eventually failed.
Charles Fourier
Popular Russian belief that Russia possessed it’s own way of life, and would not be corrupted by that of Europe.
Slavophilism
Leader of the philosophical radicals, and promoted utilitarianism.
Jeremy Bentham
French journalist and newspaper editor. Wrote the Organization of Work in 1839, an important early socialist writing.
Louis Blanc
Polish writer who wrote with Romanticism and nationalistic pride in mind; embodies volksgeist for Poland.
Adam Michiewicz
Socialist cotton lord who created a model community for his employees.
Robert Owen
British feminist who wrote the Vindication on the Rights of Women in 1792.
Mary Wollstonecraft
British Parliament member who advocated for conservatism (father of modern conservatism).
Edmund Burke
French socialist and feminist, accepted the French revolution and supported other socialists.
Count de Saint-Simon
Feminist who made many publications portraying independent women in the 1840s.
George Sand
Major Italian organization where secret nationalist societies manifested.
Carbonari
Italian nationalist philosopher who joined the Carboni in his youth. Went on to inspire other societies, but was exiled in adulthood.
Joseph Mazzini
her views on women’s rights, expressed in her 1851 essay The Enfranchisement of Women and developed further in Stuart Mill’s 1869 essay The Subjection of Women. She supported “equality in all rights, political, civil, and social, with the male citizens of the community”.
Harriet Taylor
