11.52-11.55

Question 1

landowners collectively, especially when considered as a class having political or social influence.

Answer 1

squirearchy

Question 2

enclosed open fields and common land in the country, creating legal property rights that was previously considered common

Answer 2

Enclosed Acts

Question 3

to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible.

Answer 3

Factory Act of 1802

Question 4

Wrote the book Wealth of Nations, his theory was that wealth is created through productive labor, and that self-interest motivates people to put their resources to the best use

Answer 4

Adam Smith

Question 5

He thought that the supply of food cannot keep up with the growth of the human population, inevitably resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity

Answer 5

Thomas R. Malthus

Question 6

English engineer and principal inventor of the railroad locomotive.

Answer 6

George Stephenson

Question 7

a loom powered by water, steam, or electricity rather than by hand.

Answer 7

Power Loom

Question 8

abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market.

Answer 8

Laissez-faire

Question 9

international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

Answer 9

Free trade

Question 10

a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial Revolution

Answer 10

Spinning Jenny

Question 11

a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker

Answer 11

Ricardo’s iron law of wages

Question 12

He invented the flying shuttle

Answer 12

John Kay

Question 13

He invented the steam engine

Answer 13

Richard Arkwright

Question 14

a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world

Answer 14

James Watt

Question 15

a conscious movement that began in England to revive Gothic forms, mostly in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Started because of Romanticism

Answer 15

Gothic revival

Question 16

Fairy Tales collected from the common people of Germany, because Nationalism

Answer 16

Grimm’s Fairy Tales

Question 17

John Stuart Mill wrote an essay that said he felt that men and women married to follow customs and that the relation between them was a purely domestic one. By emancipating women, Mill believed, they would be better able to connect on an intellectual level with their husbands, thereby improving relationships.

Answer 17

The subjection of Women

Question 18

an interpretive method in which the contradiction between a proposition (thesis) and its antithesis is resolved at a higher level of truth (synthesis)

Answer 18

Hegelian Dialectic

Question 19

American activist who fought for women’s rights

Answer 19

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 20

advocates free market and laissez-faire economics; civil liberties under the rule of law with especial emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech.

Answer 20

Liberalism

Question 21

German historian who made important contributions to the emergence of modern history writing and is recognised as the father of the “scientific” historical school of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Answer 21

Leopold von Ranke

Question 22

European movement that brought about new nationalisms for slavic related peoples, including new written languages and books.

Answer 22

Slavic Revival

Question 23

British Liberal and feminist who advocated for women’s suffrage.

Answer 23

John Stuart Mill

Question 24

Wrote the National System of Political Economy in 1840 and believed in protective tariffs. Got his ideas from America.

Answer 24

Friedrich List

Question 25

Book by historian Francis Palacky that discussed the history of Bohemia.

Answer 25

History of the Czech Peoples

Question 26

Those who wanted to change society from the ground up, deep in reform and democracy.

Answer 26

Philosophical Radicals

Question 27

A leading utopian socialist who believed small communal societies where all worked together. All attempts eventually failed.

Answer 27

Charles Fourier

Question 28

Popular Russian belief that Russia possessed it’s own way of life, and would not be corrupted by that of Europe.

Answer 28

Slavophilism

Question 29

Leader of the philosophical radicals, and promoted utilitarianism.

Answer 29

Jeremy Bentham

Question 30

French journalist and newspaper editor. Wrote the Organization of Work in 1839, an important early socialist writing.

Answer 30

Louis Blanc

Question 31

Polish writer who wrote with Romanticism and nationalistic pride in mind; embodies volksgeist for Poland.

Answer 31

Adam Michiewicz

Question 32

Socialist cotton lord who created a model community for his employees.

Answer 32

Robert Owen

Question 33

British feminist who wrote the Vindication on the Rights of Women in 1792.

Answer 33

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 34

British Parliament member who advocated for conservatism (father of modern conservatism).

Answer 34

Edmund Burke

Question 35

French socialist and feminist, accepted the French revolution and supported other socialists.

Answer 35

Count de Saint-Simon

Question 36

Feminist who made many publications portraying independent women in the 1840s.

Answer 36

George Sand

Question 37

Major Italian organization where secret nationalist societies manifested.

Answer 37

Carbonari

Question 38

Italian nationalist philosopher who joined the Carboni in his youth. Went on to inspire other societies, but was exiled in adulthood.

Answer 38

Joseph Mazzini

Question 39

her views on women’s rights, expressed in her 1851 essay The Enfranchisement of Women and developed further in Stuart Mill’s 1869 essay The Subjection of Women. She supported “equality in all rights, political, civil, and social, with the male citizens of the community”.

Answer 39

Harriet Taylor