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AP Euro > 2.6-2.7 terms > Flashcards

2.6-2.7 terms Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

A change in Europe that changed the focus from religion to the human personality, creating a more Gecro-Roman civilization

A

Italian Renaissance

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2
Q

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

A

City-States

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3
Q

Italian city-state was the birthplace of the Renaissance, center of Renaissance banking and trading.

A

Republic of Florence

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4
Q

Very rich ruling family of Florence

A

Medici Family

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5
Q

Wanted all of Italy to behave like early Romans

A

Machiavelli

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6
Q

Spanish and German mercenaries entered the city of Rome killing thousands of people, raped women, imprisoned the Pope, and mocked cardinals

A

Sack of Rome 1527

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7
Q

a way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions.

A

Humanism

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8
Q

A new sense of civic consciousness or sense of public duty

A

individualism

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9
Q

The feeling that human beings were frail creatures that needed gods guidance became less popular

A

secularism

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10
Q

Promote republican ideals and the need to work as individuals to keep the republic stable

A

Civic Humanism

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11
Q

Renowned Poet who studied classic works of ancient Greece, Rome and Arabia.

A

Petrarch

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12
Q

common language understood by people of the area/region

A

Vernacular

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13
Q

Wrote the 3 period view of history

A

Leonardo Bruni

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14
Q

proved that the doctrine of Constance was a forgery

A

Lorenzo Valla

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15
Q

Latin translation of the bible

A

Latin Vulgate

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16
Q

Florentine philosopher, translator, and commentator, largely responsible for the revival of Plato and Platonism in the Renaissance.

A

Marsilio Ficino

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17
Q

a book on the importance and primacy of human beings

A

Pico Della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignaty of Man

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18
Q

a lengthy philosophical dialogue on the topic of what constitutes an ideal courtier or court lady, worthy to befriend and advise a Prince or political leader.

A

Baldassare Castiglione, the Courtier

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19
Q

German inventor who created the printing press with movable type

A

Johann Gutenberg

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20
Q

Money, support, or privilege given from one individual or organization to another.

A

Patronage

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21
Q

An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.

A

Geometric Perspective

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22
Q

the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting

A

Chiaroscuro

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23
Q

allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another

A

sfumato

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24
Q

Greco-Roman hip pop in sculptures

A

contrapposto

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25
Q

a simple rectangular shrine with protruding side walls

A

Greek temple architecture

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26
Q

the father of European painting and the first of the great Italian masters.

A

Giotto

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27
Q

large church in Florence with a big dome on top

A

Brunelleschi Il Duomo

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28
Q

Bronze doors outside of the baptistery of Florence

A

Lorenzo Ghiberti, gates of paradise

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29
Q

Bronze statue of David after he fights Goliath

A

Donatello, David

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30
Q

Fresco in a Florence church depicting adam and eve leaving the garden

A

Masaccio, expulsion of adam and eve

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31
Q

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1348 and 1351

A

Black Death

32
Q

massive insurrections of peasants and workers

A

jacqueries

33
Q

A huge peasant rebellion in England because of unfair treatment of the working class after the plague

A

wat tyler’s rebellion

34
Q

a struggle between the pope and the French king
led to the election of a French pope who moved the papacy to Avignon

A

Babylonian captivity

35
Q

His election ended the great schism and he ended the conciliar movement

A

Martin V

36
Q

England claimed land in France, France took it back starting the war

A

Hundred Years War

37
Q

A french peasant girl who led the French army to victory at Orleans

A

Joan of Arc

38
Q

Was arrested by Philip IV

A

Boniface VIII

39
Q

declared that outside of the Roman church there was no salvation and every human was subject to the pope

A

unam sanctum

40
Q

2 popes one in Avignon and one in Rome, both refused to recognize each other

A

Great (western) Schism

41
Q

Tried to tax church lands and arrested Boniface, who died before he could be captured

A

Philip IV (the fair)

42
Q

Translated the bible into English, and believed that the church should only follow scripture

A

John Wayclif

43
Q

Bohemian religious reformer who wanted the church to focus on scripture

A

John Hus

44
Q

Issued by the French king, ordered a council to be created with supremacy over the pope

A

pragmatic sanction of Borgeous

45
Q

Council that ended the Great Schism and attempted to accomplish church reforms

A

Council of Constance

46
Q

depicts the goddess Venus arriving to earth in an oyster shell

A

Sandro Botticelli, birth of venus

47
Q

a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states

A

high renaissance

48
Q

an Italian architect and painter. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome

A

Bramante

49
Q

A half-length portrait, Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance

A

Leonardo Da Vinci, mona lisa

50
Q

Fresco in the Vatican containing scholarly figures

A

Raphael, School of Athens

51
Q

Originally built by Emperor Constantine but rebuilt by pope Julius II

A

Michelangelo, dome of Saint Peters Basilica

52
Q

the greatest painter of 16th-century Venice, and the first painter to have a mainly international clientele

A

Titian

53
Q

most influential Architect in history

A

Andrea Palladio

54
Q

the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps

A

Northern Renaissance

55
Q

regards humanist principles like universal human dignity, individual freedom, and the importance of happiness as essential and principal or even exclusive components of the teachings of Jesus

A

Christian Humanists

56
Q

a bold satire that pokes fun at the foolishness of mankind

A

Erasmus, in praise of folly

57
Q

a fictional work about an imaginary pagan and communist city-state in which the institutions and rules are all reason-based.

A

Thomas More, Utopia

58
Q

a French theologian and a leading figure in French humanism. He was a precursor of the Protestant movement in France

A

Jacques Lafevre d’Etables

59
Q

Spanish cardinal

A

Francesco Ximenes de Cisneros

60
Q

Father of modern psychology

A

Juan Luis Vives

61
Q

popularized the essay as a form of literature, subscribed to the skepticism school of thought

A

Michel de Montaigne

62
Q

most famous play write

A

William Shakespeare

63
Q

sharply delineated forms, naturalistic proportions, clear, usually cool colors, and the use of perspective.

A

Flemish style

64
Q

one of the early innovators of what became known as Early Netherlandish painting

A

Jan Van Eyck

65
Q

most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school. His work, generally oil on oak wood, mainly contains fantastic illustrations of religious concepts and narratives.

A

Bosch

66
Q

the most significant artist of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, a painter and printmaker, known for his landscapes and peasant scenes

A

Peter Brueghel the Elder

67
Q

German painter of wood cut prints

A

Albrecht Durer

68
Q

German-swiss painter, regarded as the best portraitist

A

Hans Holbein the Younger

69
Q

art style with an emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction.

A

mannerism

70
Q

Greek artist that painted tortuously elongated figures painted in phantasmagorical pigmentation

A

El Greco

71
Q

German upper bourgeois family that was historically a prominent group of European bankers,

A

Fugger Family

72
Q

the period from 1492 to 1607, when the first permanent English settlement on the mainland of North America was established

A

the long 16th century

73
Q

an Italian poet and court writer who spread humanist ideas in france

A

Christine de Pisan

74
Q

was Marchioness of Mantua and one of the leading women of the Italian Renaissance as a major cultural and political figure. She was a patron of the arts as well as a leader of fashion, whose innovative style of dressing was copied by numerous women

A

Isabella d’Este

75
Q

Father was the leader of the family and made the money while the Mother stayed home and took care of the kids and house

A

Nuclear Family

76
Q

property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

A

Dowries

77
Q

Harassing and murdering women who were thought to be followers of Satan

A

Witch hunts

AP Euro (5 decks)

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