2.9 Flashcards
nucleus
-defining characteristic of euk cells
-seperates genomic material
where do transcription and translation take place
transcription is in nucleus, and translation is in cytoplasm, proteins for DNA replication and transciption must be located to nucleus
mitochondria
universal amonst euk
energy center of cell
-respiration, ATP production
contains own genomes
what did mitochondria evolve from
alphaproteobacteria
Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum
-modifying and sorting proteins to be secreted or translocated
-where glycosylation happens
-package proteins and molecules into vesicles
gylcosylation
sugars (glycans) added to proteins
Cytoskeleton
dynamic protein filament network involved in cell shape, transport within cell, and cell movement
vacuoles
membrane bound compartments for storing nutrients and waste
lysosomes
specialized vacuoles that contain enzymes to break down nutrients
Chloroplast
phototrocphs, contain photosynthesis machinery
vesicles
membrane bound compartments used to traffic mats around cell, or in and out of cell
cell wall
some euks have one (plants and fungi)
not animals
Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to ecoli
20x larger than E coli, and has internal compartmentalization
LECA
last common eukaryote common ancestor
shares cytoskele, nucleus, mitochon
how many supergroups are microbial euks present in
all 5 supergroups of eukarya