2.9 Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus

A

-defining characteristic of euk cells
-seperates genomic material

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2
Q

where do transcription and translation take place

A

transcription is in nucleus, and translation is in cytoplasm, proteins for DNA replication and transciption must be located to nucleus

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3
Q

mitochondria

A

universal amonst euk
energy center of cell
-respiration, ATP production
contains own genomes

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4
Q

what did mitochondria evolve from

A

alphaproteobacteria

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5
Q

Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum

A

-modifying and sorting proteins to be secreted or translocated
-where glycosylation happens
-package proteins and molecules into vesicles

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6
Q

gylcosylation

A

sugars (glycans) added to proteins

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7
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

dynamic protein filament network involved in cell shape, transport within cell, and cell movement

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8
Q

vacuoles

A

membrane bound compartments for storing nutrients and waste

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9
Q

lysosomes

A

specialized vacuoles that contain enzymes to break down nutrients

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

phototrocphs, contain photosynthesis machinery

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11
Q

vesicles

A

membrane bound compartments used to traffic mats around cell, or in and out of cell

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12
Q

cell wall

A

some euks have one (plants and fungi)
not animals

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13
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to ecoli

A

20x larger than E coli, and has internal compartmentalization

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14
Q

LECA

A

last common eukaryote common ancestor
shares cytoskele, nucleus, mitochon

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15
Q

how many supergroups are microbial euks present in

A

all 5 supergroups of eukarya

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16
Q

primary endosymbiosis vs secondary endosymbiosis

A

primary produces chloroplast with double membrane
secondary engulfs a primary guy and ends up w a chloroplast w 4 membranes

17
Q

algae

A

highly variable definition
-includes microbes (microalgae) and non microbes (macroalgae)
-tens or hundreds of thousands of species

18
Q

fungi

A

-chitin cell walls
-includes microbes and non microbes

19
Q

what is the opportunistic fungal pathogen giving yeast infections

A

candida albicansq

20
Q

why are yeast used as model systems for euk

A

they have lots of conserved aspects w euk

21
Q

applications of yeast

A

-model system
-ferment carbs to alcohol+CO2
-baking

22
Q

Amoeba

A

have pseudopods
eukaryotes

23
Q

protist/ protozoa

A

euk that isnt plant animal or fungus

24
Q

plankton

A

dont propelle themselves drifters

25
Q

parasite

A

euk pathogen