2.1 Flashcards
two major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
-prokaryotes GENERALLY smaller in size
-eukaryotes contain organelles that are membrane bound compartments
proks lack organelles generally
extremes about eukaryotes and prokaryotes sizes
prokaryotes and be larger than eukaryotes sometimes
how big are most bacterial cells
0.5 mewM to 10 mewM in length
what doe surface to volume ration affect
how quickly cells exchange nutrients and waste w environment
smaller = efficent
small cells vs big cells
smnall cells reproduce more quickly
- less complex = less DNA and less energy to replicate
what may be an exception to no compartmentalization in eukaryotes
Asgard Archaea
what are sphere shaped bacteria called
cocci (coccus)
what are clusters pf cocci called
staphylococci
opportunistic pathogens via wounds and cuts
what are paris of cocci called, an example?
diplococci
agent of gonorrhea
what are chains of cocci called
example?
streptococci
group A strep
what are rod shaped bacteria
example
bacilli
salmonella
what are comma shaped
example
vibrio
cholerae
what is the corkskrew shape
examples
helical shape
cause of stomach ulcers and stomach cancers
long spirals shape
example
spirochetes
lyme disease
long thick strand shape
exampleq
filamentous
ancient photosynthetic bacteria that do not produce O2
what does cell shape affect
how cell divides
attachement to surface
forming biofils
intercations w other organism
mobility
nutrients (uptake and SA/V ratio)
Monomorphic
one shape- observed in most pure cultures
Pleomorphic
multiple diff morphologies for same bacterium
what causes different morphologies
-differation into diff cell types or spore formation
-altered morphology in response to environment
-mutation
example of pleomorphic
-arthobacter crystallopoietes
rod during logarithmic growth phase
-becomes coccus in stationary phase
