280 - Pediatric Cancer

Question 1

What is the most common cause of cancer mortality in children?

Answer 1

CNS tumors

Second most common malignancy (behind ALL), most common solid tumor

Question 2

What percentage of childhood cancers are due to genetic predisposition?

Answer 2

5%

Question 3

What translocation is associated with Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 3

t(11;22)

Question 4

List 2 cancers more common in children with Down Syndrome

Answer 4

ALL (10-20x risk)

AML

Question 5

List 2 cancers more commoni in children with neurofibromatosis-1

Answer 5

AML

Brain tumors

Question 6

List 2 tumors mor common in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Answer 6

Hepatoblastoma

Nephroblastoma

Question 7

A 4 year old child presents to the emergency department with fevers for 5 days, weight loss and night sweats. Lymph nodes in the cervical chains and axilla are large and non-tender. Laboratory studies reveal anemia and thrombocytopenia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

1. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
2. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
3. Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma
4. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
5. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Answer 7

d. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Question 8

Which pediatric malignancy has the best prognosis?

Answer 8

ALL

Question 9

List 2 tumors more common in children with Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Answer 9

Osteosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 10

A 15 year old male presents to the emergency department with complaints of right knee pain that has gradually been worsening over the last 2-3 months and a new palpable mass to just above the knee. An X-ray is obtained (shown below) and shows a mass to the medial aspect of the distal femur.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Hepatoblastoma
2. Ewing Sarcoma
3. Osteosarcoma
4. Rhabdomyosarcoma
5. Hodgkin Lymphoma

Answer 10

c. Osteosarcoma
* highest risk is during adolescent growth spurt

Question 11

What kind of pediatric cancer most often presents wtih a mediastinal mass?

Answer 11

Pediatric lymphoma

May be Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s

Question 12

Late effects of cancer therapy can be life threatening in survivors of childhood cancer. Which of the following is not a well-recognized late effect of cancer therapy?

1. Early death
2. Accelerated growth
3. Cardiomyopathy
4. Mental health disorders
5. Infertility

Answer 12

b. Accelerated growth

Question 13

What is the most common malignant neoplasm in childhood?

Answer 13

Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Question 14

What is the most common genetic change associated with the development of retinoblastoma?

Answer 14

loss of function of RB1 via mutation or deletion

Question 15

A former 23 week premature infant, born at 1000 grams, presents to the pediatrician for evaluation for a palpable right upper quadrant mass. An ultrasound is obtained and showed a large mass within the right lobe of the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Wilms tumor
2. Osteosarcoma
3. Ewing Sarcoma
4. Hepatoblastoma
5. T-lymphoblastic lymphoma

Answer 15

d. Hepatoblastoma = rare developmental tumor of the liver
* prematurity is a known risk factor