260 - Intro to Heme Malignancies Flashcards
All ___ cells are CD3+
All T cells are CD3+
What markers are present on all NK cells? (2)
CD16+, CD56+
What kind of cell is this?
Monocyte
Differentiates into macrophages, dendritic cells
What kind of cell is this?
Neutrophil
Multi-lobed; should have 4, more lobes is concerning
What is the difference beween lymphoma and leukemia?
Lymphoma = tissue based neoplasms (lymph node), derived from lymphoid cells (B and T)
Leukemia = originating in blood and bone marrow, can have myeloid or lymphoid origin
All ____ cells are CD19+
All B cells are CD19+
What is the major difference between myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms?
It’s all in the name!
Myelodysplastic = dysplasia (looks abnormal) –> will have peripheral blood cytopenias (decreased blood cell counts)
Myeloproliferative = elevated peripheral blood counts
The diagnosis of acute leukemia requires ___% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow
The diagnosis of acute leukemia requires 20% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow
- Even if the peripheral blood looks fine, do a bone marrow biopsy - sometimes the blasts just hang out here, and it’s still leukemia*
- NEED TO DO A BONE MARROW BIOPSY TO RULE IT OUT!*
What kind of cell is this?
Lymphocyte
I think T cells and B cells look about the same
What kind of cell is this?
Basophil
List 4 markers of immaturity in blood cells
- CD34
- CD117
- TdT
- CD1a
If any of these are present, probably a “blast”
What kind of cell is this?
Eosinophil
Eosiniphilic (red) cytoplasm
List 4 progeny of the common lymphoid progenitor
- NK cells
- T cells
- B cells
- Plasma cells
What is the function of NK cells?
directly kill infected cells and tumor cells; contains and secretes cytotoxic granules
What is the function of neutrophils?
Part of innate immune system; ingests and kills pathogens
What is considered the primary lymphoid?
where the lymphoid cells originate and develop
What is considered the secondary lymphoid?
Where the immune response is activated (lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and other tissues)
What is the function of B cells?
- part of adaptive immunity
- express antibodies on cell surface (B cell receptor) and differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells)
- originate and mature in the bone marrow
What is the function of T cells?
- part of adaptive immunity
- originate in the bone marrow, but mature in the thymus
What are myeloid sarcomas?
myeloid neoplasms involving the tissue
What is a blast?
- hematopoetic stem cell precursor
- identified by open chromatin, visible nucleoli, high N:C ratio, and markers of immaturity (CD34, CD117, TdT, CD1a)
