260 - Intro to Heme Malignancies

Question 1

All ___ cells are CD3+

Answer 1

All T cells are CD3+

Question 2

What markers are present on all NK cells? (2)

Answer 2

CD16+, CD56+

Question 3

What kind of cell is this?

Answer 3

Monocyte

Differentiates into macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 4

What kind of cell is this?

Answer 4

Neutrophil

Multi-lobed; should have 4, more lobes is concerning

Question 5

What is the difference beween lymphoma and leukemia?

Answer 5

Lymphoma = tissue based neoplasms (lymph node), derived from lymphoid cells (B and T)

Leukemia = originating in blood and bone marrow, can have myeloid or lymphoid origin

Question 6

All ____ cells are CD19+

Answer 6

All B cells are CD19+

Question 7

What is the major difference between myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms?

Answer 7

It’s all in the name!

Myelodysplastic = dysplasia (looks abnormal) –> will have peripheral blood cytopenias (decreased blood cell counts)

Myeloproliferative = elevated peripheral blood counts

Question 8

The diagnosis of acute leukemia requires ___% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow

Answer 8

The diagnosis of acute leukemia requires 20% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow

• Even if the peripheral blood looks fine, do a bone marrow biopsy - sometimes the blasts just hang out here, and it’s still leukemia*
• NEED TO DO A BONE MARROW BIOPSY TO RULE IT OUT!*

Question 9

What kind of cell is this?

Answer 9

Lymphocyte

I think T cells and B cells look about the same

Question 10

What kind of cell is this?

Answer 10

Basophil

Question 11

List 4 markers of immaturity in blood cells

Answer 11

• CD34
• CD117
• TdT
• CD1a

If any of these are present, probably a “blast”

Question 12

What kind of cell is this?

Answer 12

Eosinophil

Eosiniphilic (red) cytoplasm

Question 13

List 4 progeny of the common lymphoid progenitor

Answer 13

• NK cells
• T cells
• B cells
• Plasma cells

Question 14

What is the function of NK cells?

Answer 14

directly kill infected cells and tumor cells; contains and secretes cytotoxic granules

Question 15

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 15

Part of innate immune system; ingests and kills pathogens

Question 16

What is considered the primary lymphoid?

Answer 16

where the lymphoid cells originate and develop

Question 17

What is considered the secondary lymphoid?

Answer 17

Where the immune response is activated (lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and other tissues)

Question 18

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 18

• part of adaptive immunity
• express antibodies on cell surface (B cell receptor) and differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells)
• originate and mature in the bone marrow

Question 19

What is the function of T cells?

Answer 19

• part of adaptive immunity
• originate in the bone marrow, but mature in the thymus

Question 20

What are myeloid sarcomas?

Answer 20

myeloid neoplasms involving the tissue

Question 21

What is a blast?

Answer 21

• hematopoetic stem cell precursor
• identified by open chromatin, visible nucleoli, high N:C ratio, and markers of immaturity (CD34, CD117, TdT, CD1a)