2.8 Respiration Flashcards
what is respiration a part of .. and expand on these
catabolism - large molecules are broken down into small energy adn this releases energy
opposite is anabolism - small to large molecules, energy is stored in synthesized molecules
examples of catabolism - digestion of a pathogen, polysacchardie becomes a monosaccaride
anabolism examples - polypeptide is built, organelle replication
when potential energy in bonds is released it cna be kinetic or thermal or another form
we want a balance between molecules being broken down and moelcules being formed otehrwise we get too muhc growth or decay which can have an impact on e.g. nutrients and resources
respiration equation
lipids / proteins –> glucose
C6h12o6 + 6O2 –> 6H2O + 6CO2 + atp
teh point of respiration is to produce atp for energy adenosine triphosphate
aerobic vs anaerobic
aerobic created 38 molecules of ATP anaerobic releases 2 molecules
ATP can be used immediately so this is quick
aerobic respiration had 3 stage - first one in cytoplasm and then 2 in mitochondria
anaerobic hsa 1 stage in cytoplasm
so a tissue that respires aerobically has a lot of mitochondria e.g sperm cell and cells with a lot of metabolic activity e.g. liver cells do too
how is energy released from ATP
breaking each of first two bonds releases 30.6kJ
the bulk of the enrgu is here the other one is only 15.3
goes from ATP - ADP - AMP
can write as ATP –> (using ATPase) ADP + Pi + 30.6kJ
the inorganic phosphate can be used in cells or rejoin a ATP molecule
anaerobic respiration equations
animals
glucose –> lactate
(this is toxic to tissues and causes cramping, breathing reduces lcatate as it is reuqired to break down the lactate and relieve the oxygen debt
yeast and plants
glucose –> ethanol and carbon dioxide
NB the metabolic water is the water produced from respiration and it cna be used by some animals as a source of water in eg camels the fat of the hump is broken down by respiration to produce water if in the desert without waater for long periods of time
how does the respirometer work
used to measure gas exchange inliving organisms as a result you can measure the rate of respiration
temp must be teh same otherwise gas will expand / contract - use water bath
syringe used to rest fluid
perforated cage - suspend organisms out of solution (can use e,g, maggots but nothign too big to avoid suffering to animal
potassium hydroxide to absorb CO2
fluid moves in tube as animal respires
screw clip keeps it a closed system
filter paper increases the effeciency of CO2 absorption
the second tube is like a control to make sure its not just the air reacting with the KOH
the mamometer tube if you have the radius can work out how much volume of gas has been produced
ethical concerns
- only for a short amount of time
- no rare or big species
- enough room to move
- not too small
- no toxic plants to e.g. the handler
yeast and anaerobic respiration
bread is made by adding ueast to create bubbles of gas so it has a lighter texture - any o2 is used up and then anaerobic occur s - the dough rises - teh ethanol evaporates during baking
bioethanol is ehtanol produced by living organisms and is renewabele - produced from e.g. corn and yesat in large fermenters, enzymes break downthe starch and cellulose into glucose for the yeast
ethanol is then purified by distillation and then wthe water is removed to improve combustioon
